Case Study(CSI): Stomach flu? Anxiety? What's Going on Here?

A new case study in which the patient, A.W. a 65-year-old African American woman presents to her primary care clinic with unspecified complaints. She told the scheduler, "Something’s just not right. I want to come in and talk about it." Specialties Critical Case Study

Updated:  

Chief Complaint

"My son died a month ago. He was stationed in Afghanistan. I think I'm still in shock. For the last few weeks I haven't slept well. I keep waking up in the middle of the night, my heart pounding, out of breath, and now on top of that I've been feeling nauseated. I even threw up yesterday. I wonder if I have the stomach flu. I'm just praying I don't have another migraine coming on.”

History of Present Illness

A.W. began to experience shortness of breath and racing heart approximately two weeks ago, primarily at night. Nausea began two days ago with two episodes of emesis yesterday. Admits to burning pain in her throat that she attributes to heartburn. Ms. W. has been depressed and anxious since learning of her youngest son's death. Ms. W. states she has been feeling more tired than usual, but attributes it to lack of sleep and stress over her son's death. Most recent migraine was over a month ago.

General Appearance

Looks anxious. Eyes wide, blinks a lot, shoulders tense, diaphoretic, occasionally rubs stomach just under sternum. Pt appears female, skin is brown in color, appears stated age, looks slightly overweight with weight carried around the middle.

Okay super sleuths, what's going on here? What information do you need? What would you do first? What labs do you want? What other diagnostic tests should we run? Ask me some questions!

Specializes in Oncology, Home Health, Patient Safety.
1 hour ago, FNPDreams said:

LV wall motion study, LV ejection fraction, echo results, lower extremity edema?, aortic ultrasound?

No lower extremity edema. You'll have to wait till Saturday for the rest :)

3 Votes
Specializes in Oncology, Home Health, Patient Safety.

The final results at long last!

The patient had a STEMI. Pt. received IV reteplase, heparin, metoprolol and lisinopril and 90 minutes later ST elevations and throat pain resolved. Pt. was stable for several days when throat pain began again. Emergency angiography showed 95% obstruction in left anterior descending coronary artery. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the vessel was performed, including stent placement. Ejection fraction by echo three days post AMI was 50%. Rest of stay unremarkable, discharged 8 days post MI. Also took her off Imitrex, which may not be safe for those at risk for heart attack.

This patient had atypical symptoms often seen in female patients. Symptoms in women include

  • Choking and burning pain in the throat
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Gasping for air
  • Perspiration
  • Disrupted sleep
  • Exhaustion
  • Stomach cramps and heartburn
  • Sharp, shooting pain or dull, gradually mounting pain in neck, upper arms or jaw

For more information: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/warning-signs-of-a-heart-attack/heart-attack-symptoms-in-women

It’s not surprising that she had a myocardial infarction given the number of risk factors:

  1. African American in race
  2. Family history of father with death from MI at age 55
  3. History of cigarette smoking
  4. High blood pressure, cholesterol, triglyceride levels
  5. Obesity
  6. Diabetes
  7. Stress
  8. Migraine with aura has also recently been identified as a risk factor for MI.

References

Head and Heart: Migraines Linked to Heart Disease Risk

Heart Attack Symptoms in Women

Heart Attack Diagnosis and Treatment

7 Votes

Here are the responses from members who came to the Admin Help Desk to submit their diagnoses for the 3rd Case Study Investigation (CSI).

CONGRATULATIONS and DOUBLE THUMBS UP to those with the correct FINAL diagnosis!

Thank you to all who participated. We hope you enjoyed the CSI.

The next CSI installment is coming very soon!

11/20/19

@JKL33

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? ? Hello, here's my guess: Stress cardiomyopathy (TakoTsubo) vs. STEMI. Cath lab. Thank you!

@RNDarling

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? ? Pt is having an acute MI/STEMI. She is just displaying atypical symptoms as is classic of a female. Risk factors include age, race, obesity, uncontrolled HTN, and an exacerbating factor would be the anxiety and stress of losing her son.

@FNPDreams

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I suspect she may have Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken-heart syndrome). She should be followed up with cardiac echo looking for ballooning of the apex of LV during systole and coronary angiography if indicated. Older females are at higher risk and she’s clearly had a traumatic triggering event.

11/21/19

@AceOfHearts<3

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I would like to see an echocardiogram and the results of the cardiac angio. She is certainly displaying some of the symptoms of an MI, but I am suspecting that she could have Takotsubo cardiomyopathy aka broken heart syndrome aka stress cardiomyopathy. I’ve taken care of multiple patients with this diagnosis. One presented very similarly to this and another was a parent who lost a child.

@nursej22

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? ? Regarding the case study, hhern makes a good point about knowing the normal values for the cardiac enzymes. Even if they are negative, this patient should go to cath lab, however a chest X-ray is usually done prior. The ekg indicates an anterior lateral ST elevation MI, but she also could be experiencing Takosobu cardiomyopathy, which can be diagnosed by cardiac cath/ ventrilography.

@Cowboyardee

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Likely takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

11/22/19

@Montucky Murse

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? ? St elevation myocardial infarction

2 Votes