My study notes--Jan. test

My day is fast approaching. I have some of my study quick-cheat facts. It only lists things that I either can't remember from time to time, just like to view occasionally, or never new at all. I done over 4000 questions using Saunders/Silvestre 4e CD. Enjoy!! May the passing blessing be with you!!

Theophylline 10-20mcg/dl

--xanthine bronchodilator

----------------

ANTICONVULSANTS

Phenytoin (dilantin)

10-20mcg/mL

Phenobarbital

15-40mcg/mL

Valproic Acid (Depakene)

50-100mEq/mL

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

6-12mcg/mL

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

20-80mcg/mL

Lithium

.6-1.3mEq/L

OTHERS

Digoxin

--0.5-2.0ng/ml

Aspirin

--10-20mg/dL

Synthroid

--0.1-0.2mg/daily

Baclofen

--15mg four times daily: 10-20mg

Tobramycin (tobrex)

--aminoglycoside

--nephrotoxicity & ototoxicity

Metroclopramide (Reglan)

--Tardive Dyskinesia

Prochloperazine (compazine)

--blurred vision

--antiemetic

--antipsychotic

--anticholinergic

Aluminum Hydroxide tablets

--should be chewed

--SE:constipation

--take 1hr apart from other meds

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

--SE: confusion most common

ACEI (pril)

--SE: angioedema

Cyclosporine

--do not take grapefruit

--administered iver 2-6hrs

--risk of anaphylaxis need epi and O2

PTU

--Adverse SE: agranulocytosis

Tamsulosin HCL (Flomax)

--30 min after meals

Epoetin alfa

--given subq

Meperidine (Demerol)

--not recommended for children b/c risk of induced seizures from a metabolite

Zidovudine (AZT)

--SE: nausea and headache, diarrhea

--adverse effect: agranulocytosis, neurotoxicity (fatigue, nystagmus, lethargy, ataxia), seizures

Ganzicyclovir (Cytovene)

--SE: hypoglycemia

--AE: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

Fasting glucose

--70-110mg/dl

Neutrophils

--56%, 1800-7800mm3

Magnesium

--1.6-2.6mg/dL

Serum protein

--6-8g/dl

Serum PO4-

--2.7-4.5mg/dL

Cl-

-- 98-107mEq/L

Ammonia

--15-45mcg/mL

Male hct

--42-52%

WBC

--4500-11000

Shift to the left

--increased # of immature wbc

Shift to the right

--increased # of mature wbc

Total Bili

--

BUN

--8-25mg/dl

Creatinine

--0.6-1.3mg/dL

Fibrinogen

--180-340 (m)

--190-420 (f)

Antinuclear antibody test

-->>1:8=RA

ESR (inflammation)

--normal 0-30mm/hr

-- mild 30-40mm/hr

-- moderate 40-70

-- severe 70-150

PT

--9.6-11.8SEC

Clotting time

--normal: 8-15min

FOODS

High in P04

--Fish, vegetables, eggs, milik, whole grains, carbonated beverages

High in Mg

--avocado, canned white tune, caiuliflower, green leafy vegetables, milk, oatmeal, peanut butter, peas, pork, beef, chicken, potatoes, raisins, yogurt

High in K

--bananas, oranges

High in Iron

--lean meats, liver, shellfish, dark green vegetables, legumes, whole grains, enriched grains, cereals, molasses, milk high in Ca2+ and PO4-

Glaucoma

--normal pressure 10-21mmHg

INR

--anticoagulant 2-3

--prosthetic heart 2.5-3.5

--MI 2.5-3.5

Weight gain

--1-2lb/wk

Alcohol w/d

--6-8hrs after abrupt cessation

Muscle relaxant

--Baclofen

--only muscle relaxant intrathecally administered

Dehydration

--drink 16oz of fluid for every lb lost

Polymyositis

--inflamed muscle fibers and myocardial fiber

PN solution

--q 24hrs

--infection is a potential complication

Suspect Air embolism

--on left side with head higher than feet to trap air on right side of heart

Change IV site

--change q 2-3 days

Chest Tube

--gentle bubbling in suction chamber is okay

Blood Transfusions

--delay hanging if temp higher than 100F

CPR

--1-8YRS: 12-20breaths/min

--1.5in to 2in: adult

-- 1/3 to 1/2 depth of chest: child. & infants

Maternity

--avg. 6 peripads normal

Mumps

--droplet precautions indicated during period of communicability (before and after swelling)

Roseola

--communicable period unknown

--transmission unknown

Chicken-pox

--communicable period 1-2 days before onset of rash and 6 days after the first crop of vesicles when crusts have formed

Rubeola (german measles)

--airborne precautions/ direct contact with infectious droplets

--negative room pressure

--koplik's spots

--contagious period 4 days before and 5 days after the rash appears

Rubella

--aerosol droplet

--titer determination in antenatal tests >1:8

--petechial red, pinpiont spots on soft palate

Scarlett Fever

--Pastia's sign: blanched skin with pressure except in areas of folds and joints

--strawberry tongue

--edematous, beefy red pharynx

Impetigo

--communicable for 48hrs beyond initiation of antibiotic treatment

Diabetes Insipidus

--urine specific gravity lower than 1.006

Decreases Ca2+ absorption

--bran, rhubarb, whole grain cereals, spinach

Glimepiride and ETOH--> Disulfram rxn

Metformin

--SE: diaarrhea

T-Tube drainage

--500-1000ml/day

Deodorizing foods for ostomy

--beet greens, parsley, buttrmilk, yogurt

Histplasmosis

--opportunistic respiratory fungal infection

Sprains

--ice ONLY for first 24hrs at 20-30 intervals; RICE

Oil-based myelography

--position client in bed flat 6-8hrs after dye removed

Water-based myelography

--position client in bed w/ head elevated for atleast 8hrs to prevent dye inrritating cerebral meninges

Insulin

--keep potency at rm temp for 1mo

Suction

--safe range 100-120mmHg

Hippocampus

--recall of recent events

Cerebral Hemispheres

--specific functions control orientation

Limbic system

--feelings and emotions

Cerebrum frontal lobes

--calculations and knowledge of current events

Precental gyrus motor cortex

--voluntary motor activity

Broca's in frontal lobe

--aphasia: problems articulating words

Thalamus

--relay station

Hypothalamus

--autonomic nervous system (HR, BP, temp, fluid and electrolyte balance)

Reticular Activating system

--sleep-wake cycle

Limbic system

--emotions

CO2

--causes vasodilation of blood vessels in brain

--low CO2 causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels (headache, lightheadedness)

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

--taste in posterior 2/3 of tongue, pharyngeal sensation and swallowing

CN X (vagus)

--thoracic and abdominal viscera sensations

Radiculitis

--spinal nerve root compression

ECT

--after 3 sessions, improvement in 1 week

Agnosia

--inability to recognize well-known objects

Apraxia

--inability to perform familiar skilled activities

Ataxia

--altered motor movements

Aphasia

--difficulty finding the right word to use

Lindane (scabene)

--work into dry hair and leave for 4mins, then rinse with warm water

--repeat 7 ten days

Malathion (Ovide)--head lice

--sprinkle lotion on dry hair and allow to dry; after 8-12hrs wash hair with non-medicated shampoo

--repeat 7-10 days

Permethrin rinse (nix)--head lice

--left in hair after shampooing for 10min, rinse out, and not shampooed for 24hrs

--residual effects for 10 days

Newborn

--not immerging into water until umbilical stump falls off

Spinal Immobilization

--use of Stryker frame to turn client to prevent complications of immobility while maintaining alignment of spine