OK I know this sounds stupid but I have a friend that gets really freaked out before big tests like finals, HESI, NCLEX, and usually we get together and a few days before I start throwing out random facts at her. On 2 different tests she said the only way she got several questions was from the random facts that I threw at her that she never would have thought of!
SOOOOO..... I thought that if yall wanted to do this we could get a thread going and try to throw out 5 random facts or "things to remember". NCLEX is coming and the more I try to review content the more I realize that I have forgotten so......here are my 5 random facts for ya:
OH and BTW these came from rationales in Kaplan or Saunders no made up stuff:
1️⃣ A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice.
2️⃣ After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine.
3️⃣ Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves
4️⃣ The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate
5️⃣ Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact.
Oh, ohh, one more...
? Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone
Proteinuria (protein in the urine) occurs when damaged kidneys fail to separate the protein from the waste products.
Indicate renal disease such as, glomerulosclerosis, acute or chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrolithiasis, polycystic kidney disease, acute or chronic renal failure
Ketones
No ketones in the urine
Ketonuria (ketones in the urine) may indicate Diabetes mellitus, starvation, conditions causing acutely increased metabolic demands and decreased food intake such as vomiting and diarrhea
Sugar
No sugar in the urine
Glycosuria (glucose in the urine) may indicate Diabetes mellitus
Fructosuria (fructose in the urine) may indicate a rare hereditary metabloic disorder, excess fructose ingestion
Numerous WBCs which may indicate urinary tract infection, especially cystitis or pyelonephritis
Numerous WBCs and WBC casts may indicate renal infection such as acute pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, pyogenic infection, and lupus nephritis
Numerous calcium oxalate crystals may indicate hypercalcemia
Cystine crystals (cystinuria- excessive amounts of calcium in the urine) may indicate an inborn (inherited or developed during intrauterine development) metabolic error
Yeast cells
No yeast cells
Yeast cells in sediment indicate genitourinary tract infection, external genitalia contamination, vaginitis, urethritis, and prostatovesiculitis
Parasites
No parasites
Parasites in sediment may indicate genitourinary tract infection, or external genitalia contamination
Creatinine clearance A 12 or 24 hour urine collection test that indicates how fast creatinine is removed from the blood.
Normal values - 85 to 135 ml/min. Females may have lower values. Older patients have slightly lower values.
Low creatinine clearance rates may indicate reduced renal blood flow (associated with shock or renal artery obstruction), acute tubular necrosis, acute or chronic glomerulonephritis, advanced bilateral renal lesions (as in polycystic kidney disease, renal tuberculosis, and cancer), nephrosclerosis, congestive heart failure, severe dehydration. A creatinine clearance less than 40 ml/min is suggestive of moderate to severe renal impairment.
Creatinine
Normal serum creatinine levels vary. Common normal range for males is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dl, for females the ranges are from 0.6 to 0.9 mg/dl.
Creatinine measures renal damage more reliably than BUN levels. Both values are needed for a complete view of kidney function. The simultaneous rise in the BUN and serum creatinine levels is the key to diagnosing kidney disease.
Creatinine levels greater than 1.5 mg/dl indicates 66% or greater loss of renal function and levels greater than 2 mg/dl indicate renal insufficiency.
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Ranges from 7 to 20 mg/dl
Ranges from less than 7 to greater than 20 mg/dl
Decreased levels may indicate severe liver damage, low-protein diet, overhydration, malnutrition, IV fluids (Glucose) and drug influence such as Phenothiazines
Increased level may indicate dehydration, high-protein intake, gastrointestional bleeding, prerenal failure (low renal blood supply caused by congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency/failure from shock, sepsis, kidney diseases such as glomerular nephritis, pyelonephritis), and excessive ingestion of licorice
Drug influences may include nephrotoxic drugs diuretics, antibiotics, antihypertensive agents, sulfonamides, propranolol, morphine, lithium carbonate, and salicylates
Complete blood count
White blood cells(WBCs) - values are 5,000 to 10,000million/mm³
Red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit - Normal RBC values are 5.4 million/mm³ in men and 4.8 million/mm³ in women
Normal HB values are 16 (± 2) g/dl in men, and 14 (± 2) g/dl in women
An increase in WBCs may indicate urinary tract infection, peritonitis (in peritoneal dialysis patients), or kidney transplant infection and rejection
A fall in the RBC, Hb, and Hct values may indicate chronic renal insufficiency resulting from decreased erythroprotoietin production by the kidney parenchyma. This means that patients with chronic renal failure may have a Hb of 6-8 g/dl. The Hct also provides an index of fluid balance, indicating the percentage of RBCs in the blood
Electrolytes The kidneys normally regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. A patient with renal disease may experience significant serum electrolyte imbalances.
Sodium - Normal values range from 135 to 145 mEq/liter
High levels of sodium (hypernatremia) may indicate dehydration, excessive salt ingestion, or excessive fluid loss.
Low levels of sodium (hyponatremia) may indicate excessive salt loss through the kidneys as may occur in renal disease, total body water increases, or diuretic use combined with a low-salt diet.
Potassium - Normal values range from 3.5 to 5 mEq/liter
Variations in adrenal steroid hormone secretion and fluctuations in pH, serum glucose, and serum sodium levels affect potassium levels. A substantial intake of sodium or potassium causes a corresponding decrease in the other. In renal shutdown, the potassium level may rapidly increase to life-threatening levels.
Diminished levels (hypokalemia) may be due to GI losses from vomiting or diarrhea, or renal loss produced by renal tubular disease or diuretic use.
Chloride - Normal values range from 98 to 106 mEq/liter.
High chloride levels (hyperchloremia) occur in renal tubular acidosis, severe dehydration, congestive heart failure, prolonged diarrhea, excessive chloride intake, and complete renal shutdown.
Low chloride levels (hypochloremia), which usually occur with decreased sodium and potassium levels, may occur with pyelonephritis, prolonged vomiting, diabetic acidosis, or Addison's disease.
Calcium and phosphorus - Normal calcium levels range from 4.5 to 5.5 mEq/liter with normal phosphorus levels ranging from 1.8 to 2.6 mEq/liter. When calcium or phosphorus rises, the other falls.
Laboratory findings consistent with renal disease include hypocalcemia (low calcium), hyperphosphatemia (high phosphorus), and elevated parathyroid hormone levels.
Serum protein - Normal serum protein levels range from 6.6 to 7.9 g/dl. Normal albumin fraction ranges from 3.3 to 4.5 g/dl. Albumin maintains normal body fluid distribution.
Albumin levels may decline sharply from loss in urine during nephritis (inflammation of the kidney due to bacteria, or their toxins, infectious disease or toxic substances). The albumin levels may decline in nephrosis (degenerative changes in the kidney, and distal tubules without the occurrence of inflammation) which in turn causes edema. Total serum protein levels may also decrease in nephrosis.
Uric acid - Normal values range from 4.3 to 8 mg/dl for males, and from 2.3 to 6 mg/dl for females.
Above normal levels may indicate gout or impaired renal function
Below normal levels may indicate defective tubular absorption
Specializes in Cardiac Surgery stepdown, Telemetry.
1. When giving Levothyroxine (Synthroid) to treat hypothyroidism, ALWAYS assess pulse for 1 minute prior to administration! Anything >100bpm..call MD! Tachycardia is an early sign of overdose with this med!!
2. When a patient has esophageal varices, remember AIRWAY is the #1 PRIORITY! Maintain a patent airway THEN stop the bleeding (w/ vasopressin (to slow the flow) and use Nitro with VP to relieve any chest pain/ischemia....also propanolol & somatostatin used as well.
3. If a Blakemore tube is coughed up or dislodged & airway obstruction occurs, CUT THE TUBE. ALWAYS keep a pair of scissors @ the bedside!!
4. To assess the chest tube system use the S.T.O.P. method: S- Site--check dressing for occlusiveness, bleeding & reinforce. T-Tubes--tape all connections! check for kinks! avoid loops! O-Output--mark & assess drainage, Report >100cc/hr. P-Patient--Assess tidaling, water seal/suction control level, assess amt of suction, any bubbling?, monitor RR and chest movements.
5. One of the first signs of a Thyroid Storm (Thyrotoxic Crisis) is an elevated temperature! Temps can get as high as 106 degrees F! Remember...ABC's (Airway/Breathing/Circulation) & cooling the patient are PRIORITY.
here are some of my reviewer which i am currently studying. just some random facts that i think should help everbody who are studying to take the nclex exam. thanks and good luck.
[color=#4e4e4e]- [color=#4e4e4e]mettag: red - priority i - immediate attention[color=#4e4e4e]. identifier is a mettag torn to the red stripe or roman numeral i placed on the forehead or back of left hand. first priority casualties are those that have life-threatening injuries that are readily correctable. for purposes of priority for dispatch to the hospital, however, a second sorting or review may be necessary so only those "transportable" cases are taken early. some will require extensive stabilization at the scene before [color=#3399ff]transport[color=#4e4e4e] may be safely undertaken. a red tag may be used as an additional means of identification.
[color=#4e4e4e]
[color=#4e4e4e]- [color=#4e4e4e]mettag: yellow - priority ii -delayed attention.[color=#4e4e4e] identifier is the mettag torn to the yellow stripe or roman numeral ii placed on the forehead or back of left hand. delayed category casualties are all those whose therapy may be delayed without significant threat of life or limb and those for whom extensive or highly sophisticated procedures are necessary to sustain life.
[color=#4e4e4e]
[color=#4e4e4e]- [color=#4e4e4e]mettag: green - minor injuries.[color=#4e4e4e] casualties with minor injuries will receive minimum first aid [color=#3399ff]treatment[color=#4e4e4e]. they will not be transported to hospitals until all priority i and ii patients have [color=#3399ff]received[color=#4e4e4e] care. they will be sent from the triage area to a designated area away from the disaster scene in order to reduce confusion. if they are capable, they may also be used as litter bearers or first aid providers.
[color=#4e4e4e]
[color=#4e4e4e]- [color=#4e4e4e]mettag: black - dead[color=#4e4e4e]. identifier is the mettag torn up to the black stripe or an x on the forehead and covered with a sheet, blanket or other opaque material as soon as possible. unless absolutely necessary, they should be left in place until released by the coroner. the temporary morgue should be an area away from the scene of the triage area.
[color=#4e4e4e]
[color=#4e4e4e]persons who are psychologically disturbed, who interfere with casualty handling, should be isolated from the incident scene as quickly as possible. campus police will be requested to escort individuals to a designated area away from the disaster scene.
[color=#4e4e4e]11. suspected spinal cord injuries without neurological signs
[color=#4e4e4e]12. injuries of the eye
[color=#4e4e4e]13. maxillofacial injuries without asphyxia
[color=#4e4e4e]14. complicated major medical problems*
[color=#4e4e4e]15. minor medical problems
[color=#4e4e4e]16. victims with little hope of survival under the best of circumstances of medical care
[color=#4e4e4e]*conditions which have changed categories
[color=#4e4e4e]be sure to check this list of diseases common in nclex test:
[color=#4e4e4e]1.pancreatitis- best roommate: client with ulcerative colitis
2.dysthymia: assess for depression and risk for suicide
3.infectious mononucleosis- avoid contact sports as it may cause
splenic rupture
4.cystic fibrosis- pancrease is best given with each meals and
snacks
5.graves disease: common sign -protruding eyes
6.gastric cancer: common risk factor- eating smoked foods
7.cervical cancer: common risk factor: teenage pregnancy
8.sicklecell anemia: priority : promote hydration 9.aunonomic dysreflexia: common in clients' with [color=#3399ff]spinal cord injury[color=#4e4e4e] at t6 level.
10.bph common manifestations: nocturia,decreased urinary stream,
frequency,hematuria
11.[color=#3399ff]carpal tunnel syndrome[color=#4e4e4e], common manifestation: tingling sensation
12.latex allergy , related to : meningocele, allergy to kiwi, strawberry
and banana
13.pku diet, avoid oatmeal
14.alzheimers client with wandering : priority is to place alarm in all
exits
15.fifth's disease- common sign: slapped check appearance of the
client
17. atrial fibrillation- common manifestation: difficulty in palpating the
pulse
18. mycoplasmal pneumonia- droplet precautions
19.korsakoff's psychosis risk factor: alcoholism
20. hypoparathyroidism common risk factor: neck surgery
7. post circumcision care: do not remove the exudate
8. three way bottle system, continuous bubbling in the third bottle
indicates functioning of the suction.
9. use of inhaler: it should be held 1-2 inches from the mouth
10. use of cane: the elbow should be flexed at 30 to 45 degrees
[color=#4e4e4e]
[color=#4e4e4e]1.amiodarone hcl (cordarone)- monitor heart rate and rhythm
2.entacapone (comtan) -antiparkinsonian, may cause photosensitivity so protect the eyes in sunlight
3.almotriptan maleate (axert)- serotonin receptor agonist, used to treat not to prevent migraine headaches
4. pantoprazole (protonix[color=#4e4e4e])- do not crush the medication
5. ibuprofen (motrin) - best given with meals, report any sign of
bleeding
6.carbamazepine (tegretol)- may cause bone marrow
suppression, check the cbc, discontinue gradually
7.gentamicin/ tobramycin- aminoglycosides, check the peak
(15 to 30 minutes after administration) and through levels ( within an hour before the next dose) it is best monitored after the third or the fourth dose.
8. isoniazid- prevents spread of tb after 2 weeks of treatment,
jaundice indicates hepatotoxicity
9.zidovudine (azt)- may decrease blood components, check cbc
[color=#4e4e4e]10. gemfibrozil (lopid)- lowers cholesterol, best taken
half an hour before meals.
11. rosuvastatin (crestor) [color=#4e4e4e]- lowers ldl and hdl, check the
13.simvastatin (zocor[color=#4e4e4e])- lowers ldl and triglyceriede, have an
annual eye exam
14.lovastatin (mevacor) lowers cholesterol, check the liver
function tests
15.propranolol (inderal)-hold the medication if the heart rate
is less then 50 per minute. the drug may cause bronchospasm
16.bumetanide (bumex) - diuresis may cause potassium
depletion, best taken in the morning
17.amniodipine besylate (norvasc)- used to treat
hypertension, check the bp
18.clopidogrel ( plavix)-[color=#4e4e4e] report any sign of bleeding, best
taken with meals
19.ticlodipine(ticlid)- used to prevent stroke; monitor for signs of
bleeding and cholestasis (jaundice, dark urine,light colored stools)
20.glipizide (glucotrol)- do not drink with alcohol as it may worsen
hypoglycemia, best taken 30 minutes before meals.
21.insulin glargine (lantus) - long acting insulin, not indicated for diabetic ketoacidosis
22.rosiglitazone (avandia) - increases insulin sensitivity, may cause hepatotoxicity
23.acarbose (precose)- assess blood glucose levels 24. meclizine (antivert)- antiemetic, used to treat the nausea resulting from vertigo, it does not treat vertigo directly.
25. aluminum hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate (
riopan)- antacid, report any sign of bleeding
26. esomeprazole ( nexium)[color=#4e4e4e] - used to treat gerd, do not
chew, may be taken with other antacids
27. tadalafil (cialis)- used to treat erectile dysfunction[color=#4e4e4e], do not
administer to clients taking nitroglycerine as the drug combination may
cause fatal hypotension.
28.finasteride (proscar,propecia)- decreases the prostate gland,
pregnant women should avoid contact with the crushed tablet
29.risedronate (actonel) - used to treat osteoporosis and
paget's disease, can be taken with vit. d, take with a full glass of distilled or plain [color=#3399ff]water[color=#4e4e4e].
30.alendronate (fosamax)- can be taken with vitamin d, should
be taken separately with other drugs. best taken before meals with
water. avoid orange juice, tea or coffee. remain upright after
taking the drug
31. fluoxetine ( prozac)- the drug may take 3-4 weeks before the
therapeutic effects becomes evident. it can potentiate the effects of:
digoxin, coumadin and valium.
32. bupropion (wellbutrin)- used to treat depression and smoking, change position slowly, contraindicated for clients with
seizures.
33. risperidone(risperdal)-may cause agranulocytosis, report fever and sore throat to the physician
34.piroxicam (feldene)- avoid concurrent use with aspirin and
i just took my exam this afternoon.... got cut off around 179 or 180 not sure....i check pearsonvue but it said delivery successful, don't know to do the trick...no one will know the result right?.,i just hope i'll pass this time...
hello everyone. . .i just took my nclex-rn exam and failed :-( feel soo down. . .can anyone tell me whats a good review book dat i should buy that well help me? Thank you :-)
here are some of my reviewer which i am currently studying. just some random facts that i think should help everbody who are studying to take the nclex exam. thanks and good luck.
[color=#4e4e4e]- [color=#4e4e4e]mettag: red - priority i - immediate attention[color=#4e4e4e]. identifier is a mettag torn to the red stripe or roman numeral i placed on the forehead or back of left hand. first priority casualties are those that have life-threatening injuries that are readily correctable. for purposes of priority for dispatch to the hospital, however, a second sorting or review may be necessary so only those "transportable" cases are taken early. some will require extensive stabilization at the scene before [color=#3399ff]transport[color=#4e4e4e] may be safely undertaken. a red tag may be used as an additional means of identification.
[color=#4e4e4e]- [color=#4e4e4e]mettag: yellow - priority ii -delayed attention.[color=#4e4e4e] identifier is the mettag torn to the yellow stripe or roman numeral ii placed on the forehead or back of left hand. delayed category casualties are all those whose therapy may be delayed without significant threat of life or limb and those for whom extensive or highly sophisticated procedures are necessary to sustain life.
[color=#4e4e4e]- [color=#4e4e4e]mettag: green - minor injuries.[color=#4e4e4e] casualties with minor injuries will receive minimum first aid [color=#3399ff]treatment[color=#4e4e4e]. they will not be transported to hospitals until all priority i and ii patients have [color=#3399ff]received[color=#4e4e4e] care. they will be sent from the triage area to a designated area away from the disaster scene in order to reduce confusion. if they are capable, they may also be used as litter bearers or first aid providers.
[color=#4e4e4e]- [color=#4e4e4e]mettag: black - dead[color=#4e4e4e]. identifier is the mettag torn up to the black stripe or an x on the forehead and covered with a sheet, blanket or other opaque material as soon as possible. unless absolutely necessary, they should be left in place until released by the coroner. the temporary morgue should be an area away from the scene of the triage area.
[color=#4e4e4e]persons who are psychologically disturbed, who interfere with casualty handling, should be isolated from the incident scene as quickly as possible. campus police will be requested to escort individuals to a designated area away from the disaster scene.
[color=#4e4e4e]triage category guidelines
[color=#4e4e4e]for multiple casualty incidents involving up to 80 victims:
[color=#4e4e4e]red: immediate (priority i)
[color=#4e4e4e]1. asphyxia
[color=#4e4e4e]2. respiratory obstruction from mechanical causes
[color=#4e4e4e]3. sucking cheat wounds
[color=#4e4e4e]4. tension pneumothorax
[color=#4e4e4e]5. maxillofacial wounds in which asphyxia exists or is likely to develop
[color=#4e4e4e]6. shock caused by major external hemorrhage
[color=#4e4e4e]7. major internal hemorrhage
[color=#4e4e4e]8. visceral injuries or evisceration
[color=#4e4e4e]9. cardio/pericardial injuries
[color=#4e4e4e]10. massive muscle damage
[color=#4e4e4e]11. severe burns over 25%
[color=#4e4e4e]12. dislocations
[color=#4e4e4e]13. major fracture
[color=#4e4e4e]14. major [color=#3399ff]medical[color=#4e4e4e] problems readily correctable
[color=#4e4e4e]15. closed cerebral injuries with increasing loss of consciousness
[color=#4e4e4e]
s[color=#4e4e4e]imple treatment and rapid treatment (start): quick identifiers for red
[color=#4e4e4e]¨ ventilation > 30/min
[color=#4e4e4e]¨ perfusion
[color=#4e4e4e]¨ mental status: unable to follow simple [color=#3399ff]directions
[color=#4e4e4e]11. suspected spinal cord injuries without neurological signs
[color=#4e4e4e]12. injuries of the eye
[color=#4e4e4e]13. maxillofacial injuries without asphyxia
[color=#4e4e4e]14. complicated major medical problems*
[color=#4e4e4e]15. minor medical problems
[color=#4e4e4e]16. victims with little hope of survival under the best of circumstances of medical care
[color=#4e4e4e]*conditions which have changed categories
[color=#4e4e4e]be sure to check this list of diseases common in nclex test:
[color=#4e4e4e]1.pancreatitis- best roommate: client with ulcerative colitis
2.dysthymia: assess for depression and risk for suicide
3.infectious mononucleosis- avoid contact sports as it may cause
splenic rupture
4.cystic fibrosis- pancrease is best given with each meals and
snacks
5.graves disease: common sign -protruding eyes
6.gastric cancer: common risk factor- eating smoked foods
7.cervical cancer: common risk factor: teenage pregnancy
8.sicklecell anemia: priority : promote hydration 9.aunonomic dysreflexia: common in clients' with [color=#3399ff]spinal cord injury[color=#4e4e4e] at t6 level.
10.bph common manifestations: nocturia,decreased urinary stream,
frequency,hematuria
11.[color=#3399ff]carpal tunnel syndrome[color=#4e4e4e], common manifestation: tingling sensation
12.latex allergy , related to : meningocele, allergy to kiwi, strawberry
and banana
13.pku diet, avoid oatmeal
14.alzheimers client with wandering : priority is to place alarm in all
exits
15.fifth's disease- common sign: slapped check appearance of the
client
17. atrial fibrillation- common manifestation: difficulty in palpating the
pulse
18. mycoplasmal pneumonia- droplet precautions
19.korsakoff's psychosis risk factor: alcoholism
20. hypoparathyroidism common risk factor: neck surgery
7. post circumcision care: do not remove the exudate
8. three way bottle system, continuous bubbling in the third bottle
indicates functioning of the suction.
9. use of inhaler: it should be held 1-2 inches from the mouth
10. use of cane: the elbow should be flexed at 30 to 45 degrees
[color=#4e4e4e]1.amiodarone hcl (cordarone)- monitor heart rate and rhythm
2.entacapone (comtan) -antiparkinsonian, may cause photosensitivity so protect the eyes in sunlight
3.almotriptan maleate (axert)- serotonin receptor agonist, used to treat not to prevent migraine headaches
4. pantoprazole (protonix[color=#4e4e4e])- do not crush the medication
5. ibuprofen (motrin) - best given with meals, report any sign of
bleeding
6.carbamazepine (tegretol)- may cause bone marrow
suppression, check the cbc, discontinue gradually
7.gentamicin/ tobramycin- aminoglycosides, check the peak
(15 to 30 minutes after administration) and through levels ( within an hour before the next dose) it is best monitored after the third or the fourth dose.
8. isoniazid- prevents spread of tb after 2 weeks of treatment,
jaundice indicates hepatotoxicity
9.zidovudine (azt)- may decrease blood components, check cbc
[color=#4e4e4e]10. gemfibrozil (lopid)- lowers cholesterol, best taken
half an hour before meals.
11. rosuvastatin (crestor) [color=#4e4e4e]- lowers ldl and hdl, check the
13.simvastatin (zocor[color=#4e4e4e])- lowers ldl and triglyceriede, have an
annual eye exam
14.lovastatin (mevacor) lowers cholesterol, check the liver
function tests
15.propranolol (inderal)-hold the medication if the heart rate
is less then 50 per minute. the drug may cause bronchospasm
16.bumetanide (bumex) - diuresis may cause potassium
depletion, best taken in the morning
17.amniodipine besylate (norvasc)- used to treat
hypertension, check the bp
18.clopidogrel ( plavix)-[color=#4e4e4e] report any sign of bleeding, best
taken with meals
19.ticlodipine(ticlid)- used to prevent stroke; monitor for signs of
bleeding and cholestasis (jaundice, dark urine,light colored stools)
20.glipizide (glucotrol)- do not drink with alcohol as it may worsen
hypoglycemia, best taken 30 minutes before meals.
21.insulin glargine (lantus) - long acting insulin, not indicated for diabetic ketoacidosis
22.rosiglitazone (avandia) - increases insulin sensitivity, may cause hepatotoxicity
23.acarbose (precose)- assess blood glucose levels 24. meclizine (antivert)- antiemetic, used to treat the nausea resulting from vertigo, it does not treat vertigo directly.
25. aluminum hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate (
riopan)- antacid, report any sign of bleeding
26. esomeprazole ( nexium)[color=#4e4e4e] - used to treat gerd, do not
chew, may be taken with other antacids
27. tadalafil (cialis)- used to treat erectile dysfunction[color=#4e4e4e], do not
administer to clients taking nitroglycerine as the drug combination may
cause fatal hypotension.
28.finasteride (proscar,propecia)- decreases the prostate gland,
pregnant women should avoid contact with the crushed tablet
29.risedronate (actonel) - used to treat osteoporosis and
paget's disease, can be taken with vit. d, take with a full glass of distilled or plain [color=#3399ff]water[color=#4e4e4e].
30.alendronate (fosamax)- can be taken with vitamin d, should
be taken separately with other drugs. best taken before meals with
water. avoid orange juice, tea or coffee. remain upright after
taking the drug
31. fluoxetine ( prozac)- the drug may take 3-4 weeks before the
therapeutic effects becomes evident. it can potentiate the effects of:
digoxin, coumadin and valium.
32. bupropion (wellbutrin)- used to treat depression and smoking, change position slowly, contraindicated for clients with
seizures.
33. risperidone(risperdal)-may cause agranulocytosis, report fever and sore throat to the physician
34.piroxicam (feldene)- avoid concurrent use with aspirin and
tamara1971
18 Posts
Laboratory Test
Normal Results
Abnormal Results and
Their Indications
Urinalysis This test can indicate urinary or systemic disorders.
Specific gravity
pH
Protein
Ketones
Sugar
Red blood cells(RBCs)
White blood cells (WBCs)
Epithelial cells
Casts
Crystals
Yeast cells
Parasites
Creatinine clearance A 12 or 24 hour urine collection test that indicates how fast creatinine is removed from the blood.
Creatinine
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Complete blood count
Electrolytes The kidneys normally regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. A patient with renal disease may experience significant serum electrolyte imbalances.
Sodium - Normal values range from 135 to 145 mEq/liter
Potassium - Normal values range from 3.5 to 5 mEq/liter
Chloride - Normal values range from 98 to 106 mEq/liter.
Calcium and phosphorus - Normal calcium levels range from 4.5 to 5.5 mEq/liter with normal phosphorus levels ranging from 1.8 to 2.6 mEq/liter. When calcium or phosphorus rises, the other falls.
Serum protein - Normal serum protein levels range from 6.6 to 7.9 g/dl. Normal albumin fraction ranges from 3.3 to 4.5 g/dl. Albumin maintains normal body fluid distribution.
Uric acid - Normal values range from 4.3 to 8 mg/dl for males, and from 2.3 to 6 mg/dl for females.