tamara1971

could you please email me your study tips to [email protected]. I know you are overwhelm with people asking but i plan on taking it in September. Please....

what does SPIDER IT HELPS WITH DATA QUESTION it helped me

SPIDER IT HELPS WITH DATA QUESTION where is this link?:?:?

Where did you get the coupon from? I would like to order it also. The price is pretty steep and I dont have that kind of money at this time. My email address is: [email protected]

Please email me the tips to [email protected] Thanks

please send me the tips to [email protected]. thank you so much.

please, can i have your files my email is [email protected]. thanks

Laboratory Test Normal Results Abnormal Results and Their Indications Urinalysis This test can indicate urinary or systemic disorders. Straw color Clear appearance Slightly aromatic odor Clear to black may indicate dietary changes; use of certain drugs; metabolic, inflammatory, or infectious disease Fruity odor may indicate diabetes mellitus, starvation, or dehydration Cloudy appearance may indicate renal infection Specific gravity Values, with slight variations, between 1.005 and 1.020 Below normal specific gravity (less than 1.005) may indicate diabetes insipidus, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, acute renal failure, or alkalosis Above normal specific gravity (greater than 1.020) may indicate dehydration, or nephrosis Fixed specific gravity may indicate severe renal damage pH Between 4.5 and 8.0 pH Alkaline pH (above 8.0) may indicate Fanconi's syndrome (chronic renal disease), urinary tract infection, metabolic or respiratory alkalosis pH Acidic pH (below 4.5) may indicate renal tuberculosis, phenylketonuria, acidosis Protein No protein in the urine Proteinuria (protein in the urine) occurs when damaged kidneys fail to separate the protein from the waste products. Indicate renal disease such as, glomerulosclerosis, acute or chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrolithiasis, polycystic kidney disease, acute or chronic renal failure Ketones No ketones in the urine Ketonuria (ketones in the urine) may indicate Diabetes mellitus, starvation, conditions causing acutely increased metabolic demands and decreased food intake such as vomiting and diarrhea Sugar No sugar in the urine Glycosuria (glucose in the urine) may indicate Diabetes mellitus Fructosuria (fructose in the urine) may indicate a rare hereditary metabloic disorder, excess fructose ingestion Red blood cells(RBCs) Values 0 to 3 RBCs/high-power field Numerous RBCs which may indicate Urinary tract infection, obstruction, inflammation, trauma or tumor; glomerulonephritis; renal hypertension; lupus nephritis; renal tuberculosis, renal vein thrombosis, hydronephrosis; pyelonephritis, parasitic bladder infection; polyarteritis nodosa; hemorrhagic disorder White blood cells (WBCs) Values 0 to 4 WBCs/high-power field Numerous WBCs which may indicate urinary tract infection, especially cystitis or pyelonephritis Numerous WBCs and WBC casts may indicate renal infection such as acute pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, pyogenic infection, and lupus nephritis Epithelial cells Few Epithelial cells May indicate renal tubular degeneration Casts No cast except occasional hyaline cast Excessive casts may indicate renal disease Excessive hyaline casts may indicate renal parenchymal disease, inflammation, glomerular capillary membrane trauma Epithelial casts may indicate renal tubular damage, nephrosis, eclampsia, and chronic lead intoxication Fatty, waxy casts may indicate nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal disease, and diabetes mellitus RBC casts may indicate renal parenchymal disease especially glomerulonephritis, renal infarction, subacute bacterial endocarditis, vascular disorders, sickle cell anemia, scurvy, blood dyscrasias, malignant hypertension, collagen disease, acute inflammation Crystals Some crystals Numerous calcium oxalate crystals may indicate hypercalcemia Cystine crystals (cystinuria- excessive amounts of calcium in the urine) may indicate an inborn (inherited or developed during intrauterine development) metabolic error Yeast cells No yeast cells Yeast cells in sediment indicate genitourinary tract infection, external genitalia contamination, vaginitis, urethritis, and prostatovesiculitis Parasites No parasites Parasites in sediment may indicate genitourinary tract infection, or external genitalia contamination Creatinine clearance A 12 or 24 hour urine collection test that indicates how fast creatinine is removed from the blood. Normal values - 85 to 135 ml/min. Females may have lower values. Older patients have slightly lower values. Low creatinine clearance rates may indicate reduced renal blood flow (associated with shock or renal artery obstruction), acute tubular necrosis, acute or chronic glomerulonephritis, advanced bilateral renal lesions (as in polycystic kidney disease, renal tuberculosis, and cancer), nephrosclerosis, congestive heart failure, severe dehydration. A creatinine clearance less than 40 ml/min is suggestive of moderate to severe renal impairment. Creatinine Normal serum creatinine levels vary. Common normal range for males is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dl, for females the ranges are from 0.6 to 0.9 mg/dl. Creatinine measures renal damage more reliably than BUN levels. Both values are needed for a complete view of kidney function. The simultaneous rise in the BUN and serum creatinine levels is the key to diagnosing kidney disease. Creatinine levels greater than 1.5 mg/dl indicates 66% or greater loss of renal function and levels greater than 2 mg/dl indicate renal insufficiency. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Ranges from 7 to 20 mg/dl Ranges from less than 7 to greater than 20 mg/dl Decreased levels may indicate severe liver damage, low-protein diet, overhydration, malnutrition, IV fluids (Glucose) and drug influence such as Phenothiazines Increased level may indicate dehydration, high-protein intake, gastrointestional bleeding, prerenal failure (low renal blood supply caused by congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency/failure from shock, sepsis, kidney diseases such as glomerular nephritis, pyelonephritis), and excessive ingestion of licorice Drug influences may include nephrotoxic drugs diuretics, antibiotics, antihypertensive agents, sulfonamides, propranolol, morphine, lithium carbonate, and salicylates Complete blood count White blood cells(WBCs) - values are 5,000 to 10,000million/mm³ Red blood cells, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit - Normal RBC values are 5.4 million/mm³ in men and 4.8 million/mm³ in women Normal HB values are 16 (± 2) g/dl in men, and 14 (± 2) g/dl in women An increase in WBCs may indicate urinary tract infection, peritonitis (in peritoneal dialysis patients), or kidney transplant infection and rejection A fall in the RBC, Hb, and Hct values may indicate chronic renal insufficiency resulting from decreased erythroprotoietin production by the kidney parenchyma. This means that patients with chronic renal failure may have a Hb of 6-8 g/dl. The Hct also provides an index of fluid balance, indicating the percentage of RBCs in the blood Electrolytes The kidneys normally regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. A patient with renal disease may experience significant serum electrolyte imbalances. Sodium - Normal values range from 135 to 145 mEq/liter High levels of sodium (hypernatremia) may indicate dehydration, excessive salt ingestion, or excessive fluid loss. Low levels of sodium (hyponatremia) may indicate excessive salt loss through the kidneys as may occur in renal disease, total body water increases, or diuretic use combined with a low-salt diet. Potassium - Normal values range from 3.5 to 5 mEq/liter Variations in adrenal steroid hormone secretion and fluctuations in pH, serum glucose, and serum sodium levels affect potassium levels. A substantial intake of sodium or potassium causes a corresponding decrease in the other. In renal shutdown, the potassium level may rapidly increase to life-threatening levels. Diminished levels (hypokalemia) may be due to GI losses from vomiting or diarrhea, or renal loss produced by renal tubular disease or diuretic use. Chloride - Normal values range from 98 to 106 mEq/liter. High chloride levels (hyperchloremia) occur in renal tubular acidosis, severe dehydration, congestive heart failure, prolonged diarrhea, excessive chloride intake, and complete renal shutdown. Low chloride levels (hypochloremia), which usually occur with decreased sodium and potassium levels, may occur with pyelonephritis, prolonged vomiting, diabetic acidosis, or Addison's disease. Calcium and phosphorus - Normal calcium levels range from 4.5 to 5.5 mEq/liter with normal phosphorus levels ranging from 1.8 to 2.6 mEq/liter. When calcium or phosphorus rises, the other falls. Laboratory findings consistent with renal disease include hypocalcemia (low calcium), hyperphosphatemia (high phosphorus), and elevated parathyroid hormone levels. Serum protein - Normal serum protein levels range from 6.6 to 7.9 g/dl. Normal albumin fraction ranges from 3.3 to 4.5 g/dl. Albumin maintains normal body fluid distribution. Albumin levels may decline sharply from loss in urine during nephritis (inflammation of the kidney due to bacteria, or their toxins, infectious disease or toxic substances). The albumin levels may decline in nephrosis (degenerative changes in the kidney, and distal tubules without the occurrence of inflammation) which in turn causes edema. Total serum protein levels may also decrease in nephrosis. Uric acid - Normal values range from 4.3 to 8 mg/dl for males, and from 2.3 to 6 mg/dl for females. Above normal levels may indicate gout or impaired renal function Below normal levels may indicate defective tubular absorption

COULD YOU email it to me please just found this post. I will greatly appreciate my email address is [email protected] Thanks

could you email it to me at [email protected]

me too. [email protected] thanks

my email address is [email protected]

How do you like your Magna Fortis??? I am looking to buy one but not sure. Your input would be greatly appreciated.