OK I know this sounds stupid but I have a friend that gets really freaked out before big tests like finals, HESI, NCLEX, and usually we get together and a few days before I start throwing out random facts at her. On 2 different tests she said the only way she got several questions was from the random facts that I threw at her that she never would have thought of!
SOOOOO..... I thought that if yall wanted to do this we could get a thread going and try to throw out 5 random facts or "things to remember". NCLEX is coming and the more I try to review content the more I realize that I have forgotten so......here are my 5 random facts for ya:
OH and BTW these came from rationales in Kaplan or Saunders no made up stuff:
1️⃣ A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice.
2️⃣ After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine.
3️⃣ Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves
4️⃣ The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate
5️⃣ Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact.
Oh, ohh, one more...
? Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone
[color=#33cccc]aphthous stomatitis[color=#33cccc] refers to a canker sore of the oral soft tissues, including the lips, tongue, and inside of the cheeks.
[color=#ff99cc]a rigid board like abdomen is a sign of:[color=#ff99cc] peritonitis, a possible life-threatening condition.
[color=#ff99cc]epigastric pain occurring 90 minutes to 3 hours after eating:[color=#ff99cc] indicates a duodenal ulcer.
[color=#ff99cc]anorexia and periumbilical pain:[color=#ff99cc] are characteristic of appendicitis.
[color=#ff99cc]appendicitis risk of rupture is minimal with the 24 hours:[color=#ff99cc] but increases significantly after 48 hours.
[color=olive]a client with a large-bowel obstruction[color=olive]: may have ribbionlike stools.
[color=olive]cullen's sign:[color=olive] is evidenced by discoloration at the periumbilical area. this sign may indicate an underlying subcutaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage.
[color=#993300]chvostek's sign:[color=#993300] is a facial nerve spasm and trousseau's sign is a carpopedal spasm; both signs occur with hypocalcemia.
[color=#993300]chvostek's definition:[color=#993300] a spasm of the facial muscles elicited by light taps on the facial nerve. this spasm signals tetany and is seen in clients with hypocalcemia.
[color=#993300]broca's area:[color=#993300] not sign, is an area within the brain that controls the motor functions involved in speech.
[color=#ff6600]esophagogastroduoscopy:[color=#ff6600] endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum; usually performed using a fiber-optic instrument.
[color=#ff6600]a physician inserts a fiberoptic endoscope via the mouth:[color=#ff6600] to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
[color=#ff6600]bleeding:[color=#ff6600], though rare, signals the complication of perforation.
[color=#ff6600]sore throat, drooling, and absent gag reflex are: [color=#ff6600]normal findings after an egd.
the endoscope can cause the sore throat. clients my drool until the gag reflex returns and they're able to swallow their saliva.
before performing the esophagogastroduoscopy, the physician administers a local anesthetic that inactivates to the gag reflex, so the reflex may be absent for a period after the procedure.
black, tarry stools: are a sign of bleeding high in the gi tract, as form a gastric ulcer, and result from the action of digestive enzymes on the blood.
[color=#cc99ff]vomitus associated with upper gi tract bleeding[color=#cc99ff]: commonly is described as coffee-ground-like.
[color=#cc99ff]clay-colored stools are:[color=#cc99ff] associated with biliary obstruction.
[color=#cc99ff]bright red stools indicate:[color=#cc99ff] lower gi tract bleeding.
[color=#cc99ff]the nurse should tell the client that it's the nurse's professional obligation to maintain client privacy and confidentiality.
[color=#cc99ff]promising the client that she won't tell anyone isn't a professional response to the client's concern.
[color=#cc99ff]telling the client that she can't lie if asked about the client's procedure is an inappropriate response that doesn't uphold the client's right to privacy.
[color=#cc99ff]telling the client that she'll avoid any questions is an unprofessional response that doesn't truly address the client's concerns.
a client who's dizzy and anemic: is at risk for injury b/c of his weakened state.
assisting him with the bedpan: would best meet his needs at this time without risking his safety.
the client may fall: if walking to the bathroom, left alone to urinate, or trying to stand up.
cirrhosis: a chronic, degenerative liver disease in which the lobes are covered with fibrous tissue, the liver parenchyma degenerates, and the lobules are infiltrated with fat.
prothrombin synthesis in the liver: requires vitamin k.
in cirrhosis, vitamin k is lacking: precluding prothrombin synthesis and, in turn, increasing the client's pt.
an ó pt, which indicates clotting time: increases the risk of bleeding. therefore, the nurse should expect to administer phytonadione (vitamin k1) to promote prothrombin synthesis.
spironolactone and furosemide are diuretics and have no effect on bleeding or clotting time.
warfarin: is an anticoagulant that prolongs pt.
the client diagnosed with clostridum difficle diarrhea: requires contact isolation.
contact isolation precautions: require the use of glove and gown if soiling is likely.
a mask, face shield, & n-95 respirator: aren't necessary to maintain contact isolation.
a client with a small- bowel obstruction: can't tolerate oral intake, fluid volume deficit may occur and can be life-threatening.
therefore, maintaining fluid balance is the primary goal.
pain relief and maintaining body weight: don't reflect life-threatening conditions.
the client's normal bowel pattern: can be reestablished after fluid volume is stabilized.
nurse should tell the client to drink 8 to 13-oz glasses of fluid daily: to replace fluids lost through diarrhea.
kaolin and pectin mixtures should be taken: after each loose bowel movement for up to eight doses daily.
the client should avoid self-medication: for longer than 48 hours.
the client should consult physician: if diarrhea persists longer than 48 hours despite treatment.
the surgeon should collaborate with the enterostomal nurse: who can address the client's concerns.
the enterostomal nurse may schedule a visit: with client who has a colostomy to offer support, to the client.
the clinical educator can provide: information about the colostomy when the client is ready to learn.
[color=#99cc00]the staff nurse and social worker aren't specialized in colostomy care:[color=#99cc00] so they aren't the best choices for the situation.
[color=#99cc00]the nurse should intervene by providing additional teaching:[color=#99cc00] if the client reports that he takes antacids.
[color=#99cc00]antacids can interact with ranitidine (zantac):[color=#99cc00] and interfere with its absorption.
[color=#99cc00]ranitidine doesn't interact with:[color=#99cc00] antibiotics, antipsychotics, or antiarrhythmics.
[color=#99cc00]the rn must confirm that the lpn has specialized iv training:[color=#99cc00] before asking her to begin iv therapy for the client.
[color=#99cc00]initiating iv therapy:[color=#99cc00] is beyond the usual scope of the practice for an lpn.
[color=#99cc00]weighing the client, teaching coughing and deep breathing exercises, an teaching the client how to collect a urine specimen:[color=#99cc00] are within the scope of lpn practice and don't require additional training.
[color=#99cc00]pseudomembranous colitis: [color=#99cc00]may result from superinfection with c. difficle during chidamycin therapy.
[color=#99cc00]chidamycin-induced pseudomembranous colitis isn't caused:[color=#99cc00] by s. aureus, b. fragilis or e. coli.
[color=#99cc00]shock definition:[color=#99cc00] an abnormal physiologic state characterized by reduced cardiac output, circulatory insufficiency, tachycardia, hypotension, restlessness, pallor, and diminished urine output. shock may be caused b various conditions, including trauma, infection, hemorrhage, poisoning, myocardial infarction, and dehydration.
[color=#666699]shock and bleeding must be controlled:[color=#666699] before oral intake, so the client should receive nothing by mouth.
[color=#666699]when the bleeding a controlled:[color=#666699], the diet is gradually increased, starting with ice chips and then clear liquids.
[color=#666699]skim milk shouldn't be given:[color=#666699] b/c it increases gastric acid production, which could prolong bleeding.
[color=#666699]a clear liquid diet:[color=#666699] is the first diet offered after bleeding and shock are controlled.
[color=#666699]the nurse should instruct the client to take antacids (aluminum-magnesium complex (riopan) with:[color=#666699] water b/c water helps transport an antacid to the stomach.
[color=#666699]the client shouldn't take an antacid with:[color=#666699] fruit juice or a food rich in vitamin c or d b/c the antacid may impair absorption of important nutrients in the juice or food.
the medical record must include a signed dnr form: so that all health care team members are aware of the client's wishes.
[color=#99ccff]the nurse must also act as an advocate:[color=#99ccff] for the client and support his wishes.
[color=#99ccff]urging the client to agree to a proposed treatment regimen he doesn't want and assuring the family that everything possible will be done for the client are in opposition to the client's wishes.
[color=#99ccff]the health insurance portability and accountability act:[color=#99ccff] prevents the nurse from discussing the issue with the family unless the client has given permission.
[color=#99ccff]crohn's disease:[color=#99ccff] a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown cause, usually involving the terminal ileum, with scarring and thickening of the bowel wall.
[color=#99ccff]signs and symptoms:[color=#99ccff] include frequent episodes of diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, nausea, fever, chills, anorexia, and weight loss.
[color=#99ccff]the nurse may not release any confidential information:[color=#99ccff] to unauthorized individuals, such as the client's boss.
[color=#993300]telling the client's boss the diagnosis and asking the boss to come in to discuss the issue breach client confidentiality.
[color=#993300]the client requires further teaching if he suggest: [color=#993300]that he acquired the virus through sexual contact.
[color=#993300]hepatitis a is transmited by:[color=#993300] the oral-fecal route or through ingested food or liquid that's contamiated with the virus.
[color=#993300]hepatitis a is rarely transmitted:[color=#993300] through sexual contact.
[color=#993300]clients with hepatitis a:[color=#993300] need to take every effort to avoid spreading the virus to other members of thir family with precautions such as preparing food carefully, washing hands often, and taking medications as ordered.
[color=#993300]the correct sequence of abdominal examination is:[color=#993300] inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.
[color=#993300]this sequence differs from that used for other body regions:[color=#993300] (inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation) b/c palpation and percussion [color=#993300]ó[color=#993300] intestinal activity, ltering bowel sounds.
[color=#993300]therefore, the nurse shouldn't palpate or percuss the abdomen before:[color=#993300] auscultatin.
[color=#993300]assessment of any body system or region starts with inspection: [color=#993300]therefore, auscultating or palpating the abdomen first would be incorrect.
Disseminated herpes zoster Private room, airborne precautions & contact precautions wear N-95 mask: keep door closed @ all times; remove gown shoes etc. before leaving room.
Doppler ultrasound device: Hold probe at 45 degree angle to artery being assessed; move distal to proximal; conductive gel helps sound transmission-ok to warm the gel & it's important to warm the gel to allow vasodilatation and better sound /ultrasound : mark pulses with water poof pen.(does not wash off).
Hepatitis A vaccine: indicated if patient is traveling out of country to Africa also, South America and Asia for example; Hep A spread via Fecal/Oral route. Also those w/chronic liver disease, hemophilia, who's receiving clotting factor
Standard Precautions req'd to care for Hep A patients.
Judaism: Milk/ and Milk products NEVER enter along with meats.
Raise HOB & Stop Infusion: If patient appears restless and c/o of difficulty breathing- lung sounds noted bibasilar crackles (Rales).
Place Patient in sitting positions FIRST to reduce that high B/P - if noted with autonomic dysreflexia- (severe rapid HTN), (sever HA), T5 injury, temperature extremities noxious stimuli Ó temperature skin pressure diaphoretic nauseated, brydiacardic, seizures (T-6 and above = Autonomic dysreflexia)
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium): instruct if skin or sclera develops a yellow tinge call the physician - indicates drug accumulation due to renal impairment
Pernicious anemia: requires monthly vitamin B 12 injections; without them death will occur in 1-3 years
Cane walking: Going upstairs, lead with strong leg and follow with weaker leg and cane (always hold can in hand opposite of weak leg) (when going downstairs, lead with the bad leg and then the cane)
Signs/Symptoms impending labor: contractions that continuously for an hour (e.g. contractions occurring every 5 mins for an hour).
Generally = Labor: in true labor, contractions, are regular with decreasing intervals between contractions Ó in intensity and duration, intensity usually increases with w/ walking, cervix dilates and effaces.
Passing mucous plug is NOT s/sx of labor: as passing mucous plug may occur up to 2 weeks before onset of labor, client may not notice it!
A contraction 3-4 min apart and bloody show is a sign of Labor: But may expel blood 24-48 hours before labor onset.
Oxygen in oxygen tent: Most important to intervene if Birthday Candles on cake for toddler's are - Oxygen combustible w/ flames/birthday candles.
Propranolol (Inderal) ordered: to a client w/ type I DM (IDDM) Patient takes NPH & Reg insulin Q morning - instruct:
Inderal may ask symptoms of hypoglycemia, removing your body's early warning system.
Question propranolol (Inderal) if ordered for patient w/history bronchial asthma- may cause bronchospasm.
Dilantin Phenytoin: can cause vitamin D deficiency- Ó intake of milk, cantaloupe and Kale.
Extrusion reflex: normal neonate reflex - disappears by 3 months; extrusion reflex= tongue moving outward when tongue is touched.
ASA Toxicity= tinnitus, HA, hyperventilation, agitation, confusion, diarrhea, and seating- withhold ASA and all physician.
Study:typing and than share :yeah:more info...:redpinkhe goal
tuberculosis: classic symptoms= c/o dry cough for several weeks with freq night sweats, low grade fever- place in negative air pressure room or fit w/ n-95 mask until confirmations made on tb.
toddlers play with these toys: pounding board, cloth picture books
preschoolers play with these toys: educational computer programs play clothes for dressing up, tricycle, and skates.
*change peri-pads: every time she uses lavatory and when soiled (not just when soiled)
emphysema: client breathless, ashen in color, vs-temp 98.8 ◦f, pulse 114, rr 36, b/p 138/108, 02@2l min via nc.
**what is most concerns nurse? client's skin color is pink within first 20 mins. of oxygen delivery= bad (if w/in 1st 30 mins of 02) - this may be oxygen induced hypoventilation-improving apnea/resp arrest
low back pain secondary to multiple myeloma: position: in bed hob up 45 and hips & knees moderately flexed & knees should be higher than hips for comfort.
african american hair- use oil application (not shampoo- shampoo dries makes hair brittle)
adrenal insufficiency client on prednisone 5 mg po bid is going for surgery- md will: ó dose of prednisone due to surgical stress.- surgery increases demand for corticosteroids (due to stress, trauma)
physiological jaundice: baby is jaundiced b/c the liver is unable to clear bilirubin from the blood caused by rh-negative mother and baby is rh positive also a 2nd pregnancy.
safety precautions for children:
blow nose, with both nostrils open: do not occlude one nostril at a time.
cotton-tipped applications used: only on outer ears-never push inside ears.
never irrigate a foreign object out of an ear, such as a bean, pasta, peanut, or other vegetable.
heroin overdose- client gets narcan- expect: tachycardia, htn due to opioid withdrawal, nausea, vomiting, restless and- abdominal cramping.
9 month old development (expected): infant sits unsupported; infant pulls himself to standing position & holds on furniture compares two cubes (does not build w/blocks until 12 months). responds to simple verbal commands-comprehends no- no! at 9 months.
12 month old development (expected): attempts to build two-block tower, can say 3-5 words; infant hugs parent upon request at 12 months.
narcotic withdrawal symptoms: watery eyes, cramps, and tremors.
cannabis withdrawal symptoms: insomnia, hyperactivity and ô appetite
*malignant hyperthermia: "i hope they keep the o.r. cool. my grandpa died during surgery when he got very hot└>genetic predisposition- live-threatening complication of general anesthesia -tachy, dysrhythmia
client in early labor c/o "not being able to hold my urine- nurse should first:
check the ph for the fluid (to determine if a fluid is amniotic (alkaline) or urine (acidic).
normal ptt: 20-45 seconds;
ptt therapeutic level: 1.5 -2.5 times control; maximum ptt is 112 seconds.
*if ptt is >150 seconds: stop heparin and notify md (don't admin protamine sulfate yet!)
digoxin: with hold med if infant's heart rate is below 90-110 àexcessive slowing of beats may indicate digitalis toxicity.
*hepatitis a in a child = most likely s/s of hepatitis a in young children: * anorexia*, malaise, lethargy, easily fatiguing.
prednisone (deltasone): b/c a steroid should be taken with meals- early morning w/breakfast prednisone causes gastric irritation, ulceration, and w/prednisone! so take w/meals -breakfast in a.m.!
theophylline (aminophylline): for acute respiratory problems-withhold if: tachycardia & hypotension and nausea & vomiting and notify physician.
newborn head circumference: average head circumference = 33-35 cm (increased to 4 cm = hydrocephaly, or iicp)
hemophilia clients: (pediatric clients) most at risk for "crippling knee" - joint deformities"-most frequent site of bleeding (in hemophiliacs) is into joints and muscles- cause changes in bone/joints muscles.
*inhaled chemical takes priority: over swallowed chemical.
* cna collect sputum culture specimen: for c&s, and also check blood glucose**
trifluoperazine (stelazine) antipsychotic:-excreted in breast milk-breast feeding is contrainticated with stelazine.
indocien (indomethacn) - use w/ caution w/pvd - indocin is an nsaid- risk pvd bleeding!
sle: sun exposure, working in garden, infection, and joint stress are problems, skin of patients w/sle often has discoid lesions and can become erythematosus on exposure to sun-
lupus victims should avoid all direct sun exposure: and to lay uv light, tanning beds - immunosuppressed should not work w/ impossible to garden/dig.
adhd: "when asked to sit, child wanders in hallway; child looks out window when rn talks to him child repeatedly doesn't to leave always on the go interrupts often.
chronic renal failure - diet: lean meat, eggs, fish, poultry, high protein, with crf (also low na, low k+).
cataracts: form due to -as aging lenses of eyes gradually moisture and the lenses density increases.
mri: contrindicated if suspecting something in his eyes 2 to an mva maybe metal
-esp. if patient c/o "something wrong w/my l eye "be cautious ó safety.
study :typing type it... :yeah:learn it ... goal:nurse:
can anyone post here signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia , hypo and hyper magnesemia
tnx
hypescalcemia > 11mg/dl
symptoms:
1) fatgue
2) weakness
3) lethargy
4) anorexia
5) constipation, polyuria
6) kidney stones from increased calcium salts
7) ECG activity may show shortened QT segment, depressed T-ways
bradycardia and varying degrees of hear block
note: a serum calcium level greater than 14 mg/dl is a medical emergency may cause death. Calcium level greater than 12 mg/dl may put the patient in coma.
Hypercalcemia could be the outcome of hyperparathyroidism and bone metastases from the breast, the lung, or multiple myeloma.
management:
loop diuretics
ethacrynic acid
increase hydration to 3,000,-4,000 ml to flush calcium and to decrease calculi formation . Synthetic calcitonin could be given to decrease calcium level. Patient must have a heart monitor watch abnormal EKG rhythm. Watch vital signs, I/O and muscle weakness. feliz3 :typing
4) numbness and tingling: lips, hands and toes--begining of tetany
5) restlessness
Severe: EMERGENCY
6) convulsions
7) tetany
8) diarrhea
9) prolonged bleeding time
10) hypotension
11) dysrhythmias
12) prologed QT-interval
13) hyperreflexia
14) laryngospasm
Things to watch for:
Watch for positive Chvostec's sign=twitching cheek in response to tapping face--think C, Chvostec for cheek
Positive Trousseau's=carpal spasm on the hand when blood pressure cuff is inflated above the systolic pressure for several minutes. This patient needs to have a hear monitor on, needs to be in seizure precautions, fall precautions for this person is weak and move him/her carefully if needed for this patient easily would have a bone fracture, so needs to be assessed for fractures. Watch for hypermagnesemia frequently when calcium is down magnesium is high and that brings another bunch of health problems. feliz3
SWEETDREAMERINSOCAL
64 Posts
[color=#33cccc]some more facts
[color=#33cccc]aphthous stomatitis[color=#33cccc] refers to a canker sore of the oral soft tissues, including the lips, tongue, and inside of the cheeks.
[color=#ff99cc]a rigid board like abdomen is a sign of:[color=#ff99cc] peritonitis, a possible life-threatening condition.
[color=#ff99cc]epigastric pain occurring 90 minutes to 3 hours after eating:[color=#ff99cc] indicates a duodenal ulcer.
[color=#ff99cc]anorexia and periumbilical pain:[color=#ff99cc] are characteristic of appendicitis.
[color=#ff99cc]appendicitis risk of rupture is minimal with the 24 hours:[color=#ff99cc] but increases significantly after 48 hours.
[color=olive]a client with a large-bowel obstruction[color=olive]: may have ribbionlike stools.
[color=olive]cullen's sign:[color=olive] is evidenced by discoloration at the periumbilical area. this sign may indicate an underlying subcutaneous intraperitoneal hemorrhage.
[color=#993300]chvostek's sign:[color=#993300] is a facial nerve spasm and trousseau's sign is a carpopedal spasm; both signs occur with hypocalcemia.
[color=#993300]chvostek's definition:[color=#993300] a spasm of the facial muscles elicited by light taps on the facial nerve. this spasm signals tetany and is seen in clients with hypocalcemia.
[color=#993300]broca's area:[color=#993300] not sign, is an area within the brain that controls the motor functions involved in speech.
[color=#ff6600]esophagogastroduoscopy:[color=#ff6600] endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum; usually performed using a fiber-optic instrument.
[color=#ff6600]a physician inserts a fiberoptic endoscope via the mouth:[color=#ff6600] to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
[color=#ff6600]bleeding:[color=#ff6600], though rare, signals the complication of perforation.
[color=#ff6600]sore throat, drooling, and absent gag reflex are: [color=#ff6600]normal findings after an egd.
the endoscope can cause the sore throat. clients my drool until the gag reflex returns and they're able to swallow their saliva.
before performing the esophagogastroduoscopy, the physician administers a local anesthetic that inactivates to the gag reflex, so the reflex may be absent for a period after the procedure.
black, tarry stools: are a sign of bleeding high in the gi tract, as form a gastric ulcer, and result from the action of digestive enzymes on the blood.
[color=#cc99ff]vomitus associated with upper gi tract bleeding[color=#cc99ff]: commonly is described as coffee-ground-like.
[color=#cc99ff]clay-colored stools are:[color=#cc99ff] associated with biliary obstruction.
[color=#cc99ff]bright red stools indicate:[color=#cc99ff] lower gi tract bleeding.
[color=#cc99ff]the nurse should tell the client that it's the nurse's professional obligation to maintain client privacy and confidentiality.
[color=#cc99ff]promising the client that she won't tell anyone isn't a professional response to the client's concern.
[color=#cc99ff]telling the client that she can't lie if asked about the client's procedure is an inappropriate response that doesn't uphold the client's right to privacy.
[color=#cc99ff]telling the client that she'll avoid any questions is an unprofessional response that doesn't truly address the client's concerns.
a client who's dizzy and anemic: is at risk for injury b/c of his weakened state.
assisting him with the bedpan: would best meet his needs at this time without risking his safety.
the client may fall: if walking to the bathroom, left alone to urinate, or trying to stand up.
cirrhosis: a chronic, degenerative liver disease in which the lobes are covered with fibrous tissue, the liver parenchyma degenerates, and the lobules are infiltrated with fat.
prothrombin synthesis in the liver: requires vitamin k.
in cirrhosis, vitamin k is lacking: precluding prothrombin synthesis and, in turn, increasing the client's pt.
an ó pt, which indicates clotting time: increases the risk of bleeding. therefore, the nurse should expect to administer phytonadione (vitamin k1) to promote prothrombin synthesis.
spironolactone and furosemide are diuretics and have no effect on bleeding or clotting time.
warfarin: is an anticoagulant that prolongs pt.
the client diagnosed with clostridum difficle diarrhea: requires contact isolation.
contact isolation precautions: require the use of glove and gown if soiling is likely.
a mask, face shield, & n-95 respirator: aren't necessary to maintain contact isolation.
a client with a small- bowel obstruction: can't tolerate oral intake, fluid volume deficit may occur and can be life-threatening.
therefore, maintaining fluid balance is the primary goal.
pain relief and maintaining body weight: don't reflect life-threatening conditions.
the client's normal bowel pattern: can be reestablished after fluid volume is stabilized.
nurse should tell the client to drink 8 to 13-oz glasses of fluid daily: to replace fluids lost through diarrhea.
kaolin and pectin mixtures should be taken: after each loose bowel movement for up to eight doses daily.
the client should avoid self-medication: for longer than 48 hours.
the client should consult physician: if diarrhea persists longer than 48 hours despite treatment.
the surgeon should collaborate with the enterostomal nurse: who can address the client's concerns.
the enterostomal nurse may schedule a visit: with client who has a colostomy to offer support, to the client.
the clinical educator can provide: information about the colostomy when the client is ready to learn.
[color=#99cc00]the staff nurse and social worker aren't specialized in colostomy care:[color=#99cc00] so they aren't the best choices for the situation.
[color=#99cc00]the nurse should intervene by providing additional teaching:[color=#99cc00] if the client reports that he takes antacids.
[color=#99cc00]antacids can interact with ranitidine (zantac):[color=#99cc00] and interfere with its absorption.
[color=#99cc00]ranitidine doesn't interact with:[color=#99cc00] antibiotics, antipsychotics, or antiarrhythmics.
[color=#99cc00]the rn must confirm that the lpn has specialized iv training:[color=#99cc00] before asking her to begin iv therapy for the client.
[color=#99cc00]initiating iv therapy:[color=#99cc00] is beyond the usual scope of the practice for an lpn.
[color=#99cc00]weighing the client, teaching coughing and deep breathing exercises, an teaching the client how to collect a urine specimen:[color=#99cc00] are within the scope of lpn practice and don't require additional training.
[color=#99cc00]pseudomembranous colitis: [color=#99cc00]may result from superinfection with c. difficle during chidamycin therapy.
[color=#99cc00]chidamycin-induced pseudomembranous colitis isn't caused:[color=#99cc00] by s. aureus, b. fragilis or e. coli.
[color=#99cc00]shock definition:[color=#99cc00] an abnormal physiologic state characterized by reduced cardiac output, circulatory insufficiency, tachycardia, hypotension, restlessness, pallor, and diminished urine output. shock may be caused b various conditions, including trauma, infection, hemorrhage, poisoning, myocardial infarction, and dehydration.
[color=#666699]shock and bleeding must be controlled:[color=#666699] before oral intake, so the client should receive nothing by mouth.
[color=#666699]when the bleeding a controlled:[color=#666699], the diet is gradually increased, starting with ice chips and then clear liquids.
[color=#666699]skim milk shouldn't be given:[color=#666699] b/c it increases gastric acid production, which could prolong bleeding.
[color=#666699]a clear liquid diet:[color=#666699] is the first diet offered after bleeding and shock are controlled.
[color=#666699]the nurse should instruct the client to take antacids (aluminum-magnesium complex (riopan) with:[color=#666699] water b/c water helps transport an antacid to the stomach.
[color=#666699]the client shouldn't take an antacid with:[color=#666699] fruit juice or a food rich in vitamin c or d b/c the antacid may impair absorption of important nutrients in the juice or food.
the medical record must include a signed dnr form: so that all health care team members are aware of the client's wishes.
[color=#99ccff]the nurse must also act as an advocate:[color=#99ccff] for the client and support his wishes.
[color=#99ccff]urging the client to agree to a proposed treatment regimen he doesn't want and assuring the family that everything possible will be done for the client are in opposition to the client's wishes.
[color=#99ccff]the health insurance portability and accountability act:[color=#99ccff] prevents the nurse from discussing the issue with the family unless the client has given permission.
[color=#99ccff]crohn's disease:[color=#99ccff] a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown cause, usually involving the terminal ileum, with scarring and thickening of the bowel wall.
[color=#99ccff]signs and symptoms:[color=#99ccff] include frequent episodes of diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, nausea, fever, chills, anorexia, and weight loss.
[color=#99ccff]the nurse may not release any confidential information:[color=#99ccff] to unauthorized individuals, such as the client's boss.
[color=#993300]telling the client's boss the diagnosis and asking the boss to come in to discuss the issue breach client confidentiality.
[color=#993300]the client requires further teaching if he suggest: [color=#993300]that he acquired the virus through sexual contact.
[color=#993300]hepatitis a is transmited by:[color=#993300] the oral-fecal route or through ingested food or liquid that's contamiated with the virus.
[color=#993300]hepatitis a is rarely transmitted:[color=#993300] through sexual contact.
[color=#993300]clients with hepatitis a:[color=#993300] need to take every effort to avoid spreading the virus to other members of thir family with precautions such as preparing food carefully, washing hands often, and taking medications as ordered.
[color=#993300]the correct sequence of abdominal examination is:[color=#993300] inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.
[color=#993300]this sequence differs from that used for other body regions:[color=#993300] (inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation) b/c palpation and percussion [color=#993300]ó[color=#993300] intestinal activity, ltering bowel sounds.
[color=#993300]therefore, the nurse shouldn't palpate or percuss the abdomen before:[color=#993300] auscultatin.
[color=#993300]assessment of any body system or region starts with inspection: [color=#993300]therefore, auscultating or palpating the abdomen first would be incorrect.
[color=#993300]study
:typingsharing :typingsharing :bow:goal 
[color=#993300]s