A&P 1 Spring 08

Nursing Students Pre-Nursing

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Hi y'all! Anybody taking A&P 1 this coming spring semester? I'm trying to get as many pre-req's out of the way as possible and could use a study buddy or 2! Thanks! :)

I hear you on that one! It seems that many of my classmates have already had chem., but I didn't need it for one of the programs I'm applying to (just need A&P1 and 2 and Micro.), so I didn't want to take it if I didn't have to. Wish I'd known better!

Also, we have to write a paper in my A&P1 class. Ugh! I mean, what gives?!? Who has to write a paper in a science class (especially one with so much freakin' material to cover anyway)! It has been about 4 years since I had to write a paper, and I honestly don't even remember how to do citations! I'm screwed! Anyone know of a helpful site for doing basic MLA format citations?

Our first test is in a week! I am soooo scared.

Try Purdue University's website...they have an MLA Formatting page at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/. It's always helped me with my papers! Good luck!

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Specializes in MICU - CCRN, IR, Vascular Surgery.

Well, ANP has induced my first crying fit of the semester. Stupid hyper/hypotonic solutions :( I felt so good about chapter 1, and pretty good about chapter 2, and then chapter 3 has me thinking that I'll end up as a custodian instead of a nurse :(

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Specializes in ICU.
Well, ANP has induced my first crying fit of the semester. Stupid hyper/hypotonic solutions :( I felt so good about chapter 1, and pretty good about chapter 2, and then chapter 3 has me thinking that I'll end up as a custodian instead of a nurse :(

No you won't because you won't let that happen!!!! Trust me, after the test I took yesterday my outlook is grim but I'm not going to let some teacher ruin my plans...you'll be fine. We both will, it's our dream...it ends up how we want it to.:cheers:

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Specializes in MICU - CCRN, IR, Vascular Surgery.
No you won't because you won't let that happen!!!! Trust me, after the test I took yesterday my outlook is grim but I'm not going to let some teacher ruin my plans...you'll be fine. We both will, it's our dream...it ends up how we want it to.:cheers:

Thanks, the kind words are very much appreciated :)

My best friend, her husband is a 4th year med student, and he's gonna help me with this stuff this weekend, so that's a big relief. I think right about now I just need a big glass of wine and some sleep!

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Well, ANP has induced my first crying fit of the semester. Stupid hyper/hypotonic solutions

aah, maybe I can help you on this one because I had troubles with it- either that or this will make no sense at al

Everything I write hypotonic I write it hypOtonic- BIG O. The cell SWELLS and looks like the big O because there is a higher concentration of water outside cell than in so water flows INTO the cell.

Then you know that hypertonic is the opposite :)

That may not help at all, but it is the ONLY way I can remember it- hopefully this does not sound crazy. Good luck!

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Ok, so does anyone know any good ways to remember and understand what makes up carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids?...also those are organic compounds, correct (since they contain carbon and all)?

I'm just having a hard time differentiating between what they all look like chemically. It seems like they're so similar but there's like 1 thing that makes them different. Or are you guys even doing this stuff in your classes? From what I gather it's actually biochem but we're learning it anyways:selfbonk:. Thanks!

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^ we're learning it too, but I have not figured out a good way to learn it yet and I'm having difficulties with it too. I'll let you know if I come up with anything.

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Hey guys. I'm really struggling with the concept of Osmotic Pressure. We have it defined as "the amount of hydrostatic pressure required to stop osmosis." The teacher said that "osmosis slows down due to filtration of water back across the membrane due to increased hydrostatic pressure." So osmotic pressure stops osmosis. So...the increased water (on the side that originally started with lesser water) produces water pressure (i.e. hydrostatic pressure) which stops osmosis? Maybe something just isn't clicking yet.

I'm also struggling with the hypotonic/hypertonic thing. Why would increased water outside the cell cause the cell to burst? Why doesn't the concept of osmotic pressure apply to this situation (so that hydrostatic pressure stops the cell from taking in more water then it needs)? Is it because the cell can never reach equilibrium with the outside because there is always going to be way more water on the outside of the cell, then in it?

I don't know if any of that makes sense to anyone, but if it does, I'd love some help!

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When looking at tonicity (concentration of non-penetrating solutes)

Remember that solutes occupy space that would normally be occupied by water molecules. Think about it this way... you have 2 cups. I decided to fill one cup half way with rocks and the other cup is rock free. Which one contains more water? The cup without the rocks.

Diffusion of water, the movement of water in and out of cells work based on how much solute is inside the cell compare to its surroundings. Remember: Water will always move to the less occupied area.

If a cell contained same amount of solute ("rocks" - cell contains ~300mOsm) inside the cell compare to the surrounding fluid outside the cell, there are equal amount of water so there is no movement of water molecules - This is Isotonic solution. Isotonic solution by definition is solutions containing 300 mOsm of non-penetrating solute.

Now what happens if solution contained less than 300 mOsm of non-penetrating solute? So the cell has more solutes which means it has less amount of water (right? because solutes take up space) so all that extra water in the solution will rush in and cause the cell to swell up. Such a solution is known as hypotonic solution.

Hypertonic solution is the opposite and the solution contains more than 300 mOsm of non-penetrating solute. Since there's more water inside the cell compare to outside, the water will rush out of the cell causing the cell to shrink.

Hope that helps.

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Ok, so does anyone know any good ways to remember and understand what makes up carbs, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids?...also those are organic compounds, correct (since they contain carbon and all)?

I'm just having a hard time differentiating between what they all look like chemically. It seems like they're so similar but there's like 1 thing that makes them different. Or are you guys even doing this stuff in your classes? From what I gather it's actually biochem but we're learning it anyways:selfbonk:. Thanks!

I'll try to answer as best as I can.

Proteins are made up of amino acids (20 amino acids) arranged in certain orders that make up their 3D shape which defines their function. Common characteristics shared amoung all amino acids are the alpha carbon that covalently attached to carboxylic acid group (-COOH) and amino group (-N2H). So you need to know the last group that's attached to the alpha carbon to determine what type of amino acid it is and how they interact with other amino acids to create protein.

Nucleic Acids: Making up DNA (TCAG) and RNA (UCAG)

They are very similar structure when looking at it but you just have to know the minor differences between each acids. Also remember that...

Pyrimidines = UTC are similar in structure

Purines = AG are similar to each other

Lipids are hydrocarbon like molecules... bunch of carbons chained together and have COOH at the end and behaves hydrophobically.

Carbohydrates are the sugars. Monosaccharride or simple sugar is aldehyde or keytone with 2 additional hydroxy groups (-OH).

example: OHC-CH(OH)-CH2OH

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Specializes in MICU - CCRN, IR, Vascular Surgery.

The way that I was able to get the hypo/hypertonic solution eventually was pretty different. I was struggling with thinking of it completely backwards, so my teacher came up with a different way completely. The surrounding liquid is the chlorine in the pool, and the cell is a beach ball inside of the pool. If the beach ball is filled with the pure water, it will lose all of its water trying to give the water up to the outside solution, and then the beach ball will deflate which means it's hypertonic.

If the beach ball was filled with the chlorine, and the pool was filled with water, the water would try to get inside the beach ball, and so much would have to come in to try to equalise that the beach ball would burst, which would be hypotonic.

This method is completely different, but it worked for me lol

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ugh- SNOW DAY

that means 4 hours of lecture that we wont be having!! I guess we just learn everything in our course package by ourself? I don't really know the deal

just mad because I was so ready for the quiz!! haha oh well, I guess I'll use today to study up on what I should be learning tonight!

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