Very confused student

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Hi all; can some one help me with my assignment, i have a few sticky questions. Im in my first year of EEN nursing in Australia.

Q; Describe where the systemic BP is the highest and why is it the highest here ?

Q; Describe where the systemic BP is the lowest and why is it the lowest here ?

Q; Describe how blood moves between these two points in the body, referring in your answer to pressure differences throughout the system and the anatomy of the blood vessels & physiology of associated structures

Q; Describe the difference between systolic & diastolic blood pressures.

Q; What is peripheral resistance and which factors which will influence it?

Q;What are the two main factors affecting arterial blood pressure?

Q; Define: cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate. What is the relationship between SV & HR in relation to CO?

:nurse:

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I think if you contributed something to the understanding of each question you *might* get a more sympathetic response on this message board. You have to at least attempt to answer the questions yourself first.

Do you have a text or class notes to draw some of this information from?

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Specializes in M/S, MICU, CVICU, SICU, ER, Trauma, NICU.

Please look in your textbooks. These are very, very basic questions.

Cardiac physiology.

Good luck!

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Specializes in home health, dialysis, others.

What is EEN nursing, and why are you asking us to answer textbook questions?

Is this info in your nursing texts?

Now I am confused!

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Specializes in LTC, wound care.

Think of the heart as if it is a water pump and your blood vessels are garden hoses hooked up to the pump, coming out on one side, and going in in the other (putting aside the pulmonary vessels temporarily. Considering you have a long, long hose connected, where would you think the highest pressure would be?

These questions are designed to make sure that you read your material. They cannot be answered until you do, and have a basic understanding of the circulatory system and the heart.

You can do this. You just have to work to gain this understanding. It will not be handed to you on a plate. You need to understand these concepts to understand basic things about nursing.

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let me rephrase that; can anyone tell me if im on the right track with these questions please.

1. describe where the systemic blood pressure is the highest in the body? why is it highest in this location?

systolic pressure is the highest in the ventricles. when the pressure exceeds that of the pressure in the aortic and pulmonary artery the aortic and pulmonary valves open to eject the oxygenated blood out to supply the remainder of the body.

systolic pressure is at its highest here, due to the full contraction of the left ventricle pushing the blood up into the aorta for distribution the entire body.

2. describe where the systemic blood pressure is the lowest in the body? why is it lowest in this location?

the systemic blood pressure is lowest in the atria ????

3. describe how blood moves between these two points in the body, referring in your answer to pressure differences throughout the system and the anatomy of the blood vessels & physiology of associated structures.

4. describe the difference between systolic & diastolic blood pressures.

the systolic blood pressure is a measure of the pressure exerted on the inside of the blood vessels when your heart muscle is contracting and pumping blood. this is the maximum pressure in the blood vessels.[color=#1183c9]

[color=#1183c9][color=#1183c9]

the diastolic blood pressure is the pressure between heart beats when the heart is resting and filling with blood. this is the minimum pressure in the blood vessels.

5. what is peripheral resistance and which factors which will influence it?

peripheral resistance is a force against blood flow in the arteries.

an increase in peripheral resistance would be caused by an increase in vasoconstriction; (narrowing of the blood vessels caused by some medications such as antihistamines cough and cold syrups and even caffeine, drugs such as cocaine). an increase in blood pressure will also be caused by vasoconstriction.

6. what are the two main factors affecting arterial blood pressure?

arterial pressure exists in the aorta and its major branches, and is the average pressure during a cardiac cycle. therefore; it is dependent on, 1) cardiac output and 2) peripheral resistance.

7. define: cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate. what is the relationship between sv & hr in relation to co?

[color=#333333]cardiac output[color=#333333]: is the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles.

stroke volume: the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one contraction.

heart rate: is the number of heart beats per minute. it can also be defined as the number of times the ventricles contract per minute.

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Specializes in Gerontological, cardiac, med-surg, peds.

Thread closed pending moderator discussion.

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Specializes in Nephrology, Cardiology, ER, ICU.

Okay, I have deleted some personal attacks.

Please stay on topic. The first poster asked the OP to post what info they could come up with and that was helpful. Other posts not so much.

The OP: we as a nursing community like to help nursing students so it is helpful to us when you post what you have so that we can see what direction you are taking.

Good luck in school.

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Specializes in med/surg, telemetry, IV therapy, mgmt.

happy reading! http://cvphysiology.com/index.html - cardiovascular physiology concepts, click on links at the left side of the page. the heart failure links will provide a lot of the information you are looking for.

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:) Thanks for the site address.

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Q; Define: cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate. What is the relationship between SV & HR in relation to CO?

:nurse:

Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out during each contraction by a ventricle.

Heart rate simply put is the number of heart beats per minute.

Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped out per minute.

The relationship mathematically is Cardiac Output = Stroke volume x Heart rate.

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Hello very confused student - if you are still reading this. I am the teacher who set these questions - I was pleased to see the responses from RN's who correctly directed you to the textbook and class notes. This will be a site I will now monitor - along with others. The unfortunate thing is that the only person you are cheating is yourself, as you will not have the understanding of basic physiology which would have assisted you in your nursing care. It also shows unprofessionalism in that you have not even attempted some basic reasearch yourself - which is something nurses need to be able to do all the time. You have also no doubt passed off this work as your own, which is plagiarism.

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