Found cap off port of PICC

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What is the best solution when you have found the cap off of one lumen of a triple lumen PICC? The catheter is non-valved; the clamp was clamped. The PICC is used for intermittent dosing of an antibiotic. The nurse caring for the patient assessed the PICC at the beginning of the shift, and everything was intact. Hours later, when she went to administer the medication she found the lumen "capless." This patient has smoking priviledges. My concern is that the patient goes outside for the smoke break, and despite having a sleeve over the PICC, the PICC is exposed.

The supervisor told the nurse to wipe the lumen with alcohol, put a new cap on the port of the lumen, and label the lumen with tape that states, "Do not use."

The nurse and supervisor asked my opinion of the situation (d/t my many years of critical care experience). I suggested to the supervisor to call the infusion nurse at the pharmacy. I looked in the policy book, but there was nothing that addressed the problem. I haven't been to work since this occurrence, but I am very concerned for this patient (resident).

Thanks for any advice given!

But will it have more, or enough to cause a CRBSI?

It is prudent to err on the side of caution, the risk of infection is VERY high.

That's why strict monitoring s/p is needed. It is a risk versus benefit thing. Since a new PICC will also become seeded eventually, did the opening of this IV catheter (though it was clamped and one need not be worried about air emboli or blood loss) cause bacteria to enter, and how soon was this discovered??? .

Answered in OP.

Hours later, when she went to administer the medication she found the lumen "capless." This patient has smoking priviledges. My concern is that the patient goes outside for the smoke break,

To arbitrarily replace with its added risks for the patient in this case is premature in my opinion. That's my :twocents:.

Risk of infection related to a new PICC placement, low. Cost of replacing a PICC, low.

Risk of infection due to comprimised PICC, high. Cost of ABX and increased admission time, high.

Specializes in Vascular Access.
Whether it is sealed with biofilm, uranium, kryptonite, trojan condoms or magic fairy dust you will not find a single MD, NP, hospital, infusion center that will condone the use of a contaminated PICC.

No offense but that is a very poor rationale, just because there is a biofilm does not mean the line is impervious to infection or foreign matter. If that rationale held true then there would be no such thing as PICC line infections, food poisoning, CDiff etc...

Biofilms can help in preventing infections but are far from the uber pathogen resistant mega films you make them out to be.

To put it simply, using a PICC line that was compromised is below the set standards of practice...even in Mexico.

P.S.

Locking off a lumen...free

Replacing a PICC...few hundred

14 days of ABX, blood Cx, replaced PICC, lengthened hospital stay, gambling with the patients well being...priceless.

How do you know that the PICC is truly contaminated??? And Biofilms DO NOT PREVENT INFECTIONS... They are, and can be the cause of major septicemia events. IVAB can kill organisms in the blood stream, but currently, there is no form of treatment that will eradicate all biofim cells in the catheter. Therefore, remove the catheter when an infection occurs r/t it. I believe that a nurse who isn't diligent in cleaning her hands, and scrubbing the hub appropriately before entering it, will introduce bacteria that also can "contaminate" the line. How do you know that this isn't happening? Have you surrvalence in the room to assess this, each and every time? No, I'm sure you don't. Therefore, are you going to remove the line... just because it may have had "bugs" introduced because Susie.. the nurse, who has skipped a step and the patient, is currently without s/s of any CABSI?

How do you know that the PICC is truly contaminated??? And Biofilms DO NOT PREVENT INFECTIONS... They are, and can be the cause of major septicemia events. IVAB can kill organisms in the blood stream, but currently, there is no form of treatment that will eradicate all biofim cells in the catheter. Therefore, remove the catheter when an infection occurs r/t it. I believe that a nurse who isn't diligent in cleaning her hands, and scrubbing the hub appropriately before entering it, will introduce bacteria that also can "contaminate" the line. How do you know that this isn't happening? Have you surrvalence in the room to assess this, each and every time? No, I'm sure you don't. Therefore, are you going to remove the line... just because it may have had "bugs" introduced because Susie.. the nurse, who has skipped a step and the patient, is currently without s/s of any CABSI?

How do I know it was contaminated? The cap was found off unsupervised. Standards of care, the standards of basic Nursing, the standards of the INS all say that this PICC line is now considered contaminated...not even a question.

Granted there are many other ways that bacteria can be introduced but that is not what we are discussing.

Cap off unsupervised = contaminated...contamintaed = DC use.

This is a BASIC STANDARD OF PRACTICE.

Basic Med Surg 101 and sterile technique teaches this concept...

Find 1 policy, a SINGLE policy, or study, or text book, or pamphlet, or website, or precedence that says that it is ok to continue to use a contaminated PICC. Just 1. If you can find a single shred of evidence supporting your position I will concede your point.

Specializes in Vascular Access.
How do I know it was contaminated? The cap was found off unsupervised. Standards of care, the standards of basic Nursing, the standards of the INS all say that this PICC line is now considered contaminated...not even a question.

Granted there are many other ways that bacteria can be introduced but that is not what we are discussing.

Cap off unsupervised = contaminated...contamintaed = DC use.

This is a BASIC STANDARD OF PRACTICE.

Basic Med Surg 101 and sterile technique teaches this concept...

Find 1 policy, a SINGLE policy, or study, or text book, or pamphlet, or website, or precedence that says that it is ok to continue to use a contaminated PICC. Just 1. If you can find a single shred of evidence supporting your position I will concede your point.

Tell me the organisms that the catheter is now seeded with, that is different then what was there prior to finding the cap off?

Also, did the cap fall off once the patient returned from his smoke break because it wasn't luer-locked on well? How long was it off? Basic Med-Surg 101 teachs nurses to clean the hub well before entering it.. But does everyone adhere to this... NO, NO, No or we wouldn't have the CRBSI's that we do.

So.. are you going to replace every line, "just in case"

INS standards DO NOT SAY THAT IN THIS CASE THE LINE IS CONTAMINATED AND NEEDS REPLACING.

Do you know the standards? Or are you supposing? As a CRNI, I've been teaching IV therapy and placing PICC lines since 1990. I am not unaware of standards, or basic care, in case you want to know, my friend.

Also, you do not need to concede.. as I mentioned before, we can agree to disagree.

Tell me the organisms that the catheter is now seeded with, that is different then what was there prior to finding the cap off?

Also, did the cap fall off once the patient returned from his smoke break because it wasn't luer-locked on well? How long was it off?

That is why we err on the side of caution since there is a known breach in sterility of the device.

Basic Med-Surg 101 teachs nurses to clean the hub well before entering it.. But does everyone adhere to this... NO, NO, No or we wouldn't have the CRBSI's that we do.

So.. are you going to replace every line, "just in case"

We have to practice with the notion that Nurses are practicing safe and prudent care up to current standards unless there is a known or suspected breach in care.

In this care there was a known breach.

Nice straw man.

INS standards DO NOT SAY THAT IN THIS CASE THE LINE IS CONTAMINATED AND NEEDS REPLACING.

Do you know the standards? Or are you supposing? As a CRNI, I've been teaching IV therapy and placing PICC lines since 1990. I am not unaware of standards, or basic care, in case you want to know, my friend.

Also, you do not need to concede.. as I mentioned before, we can agree to disagree.

I refer to the Journal of Infusion Nursing, Standards of Practice, revised 2006; S35, S19, S29 and any manufactures guidelines including http://www.bardaccess.com/assets/pdfs/nursing/ng-powerpicc.pdf

P.S. Your resume has 0 bearing upon the topic at hand, nice red herring.

Personally, I'd call the doc and ask what he wants to do: pull it, cap it & don't use the lumen or aspirate & flush and monitor closely.

I've seen it go all three ways in homecare in patients who were getting antibiotics. I've also trimmed to below the clamp, threaded a new end and continued on in a patient who simply didn't have a realistic new site.

Specializes in Infusion Nursing, Home Health Infusion.

I agree with IVRUS in this case..that is how it should be handled. with all the facts you have presented..scrub the cap well with alcohol or CHG and then continue to monitor the pt for s/sx of CRBSI as every PICC pt should be. Absolutely do not label "do not use " that alone will increase the pts risk for infection as well as having a dysfunctional lumen. Any pt with any type of CVC is at risk for infection..some more than others. If you find the TSM dressing border loose do you replace the PICC.....No you redress it..in theory is that pt at an increased risk for infection????.....YES. How many nurses take a cap of a 3 way stopcock and do not replace it...would you pull the CVC that the MD just put in.....NO...is that pt at an increased risk for infection.....YES. I can go on and on with examples...think about this one. An MD suspects that a CVC/PICC may be the cause of the pts temp and high WBC count but is not sure but exchanges the line anyway..should that have been done..well it happens all the time and the pt is monitored..sometimes they have to take it out and sometimes it gets to stay in. Placing a PICC is not as always easy as placing a PIV perhaps that PICC was extremely difficult to place and pt has very limited veins appropriate for PICC placement...so shall we try again and fail and then the pt gets a femoral line...yikes that's not so great either. So again as stated you need to look at the whole picture...risks benefits and the entire situation..how long was the cap off...how long has the PICC been in place...maybe if you told me the pt smeared something gross on it I may say change it..but its sitting against the skin and we all know how well nurses are at performing hand hygiene and their 15 second cap scrub!!!!!

Specializes in Vascular Access Nurse.
Personally, I'd call the doc and ask what he wants to do: pull it, cap it & don't use the lumen or aspirate & flush and monitor closely.

I've seen it go all three ways in homecare in patients who were getting antibiotics. I've also trimmed to below the clamp, threaded a new end and continued on in a patient who simply didn't have a realistic new site.

That's a nice thought, but most of the physicians I deal with will ask what we recommend and follow our suggestions. The PICCs that we use (Bard Power PICCS) cannot have new ends applied, but even if they could, we wouldn't do it.

Specializes in Vascular Access Nurse.
any pt with any type of cvc is at risk for infection..some more than others. if you find the tsm dressing border loose do you replace the picc.....no you redress it..in theory is that pt at an increased risk for infection????.....yes.

if the dressing is no longer occlusive, then yes, we replace the picc.

how many nurses take a cap of a 3 way stopcock and do not replace it...would you pull the cvc that the md just put in.....no...

we would (and have) also recommend pulling a cvc that did not have a cap on it.

an md suspects that a cvc/picc may be the cause of the pts temp and high wbc count but is not sure but exchanges the line anyway..should that have been done..well it happens all the time and the pt is monitored..sometimes they have to take it out and sometimes it gets to stay in.

if the pt is symptomatic we would very, very rarely recommend exchanging the cvc over a wire. most likely it would be pulled, cultured, and peripheral access obtained. if central access was needed most likely a femoral line would be placed until blood cultures were negative.

placing a picc is not as always easy as placing a piv perhaps that picc was extremely difficult to place and pt has very limited veins appropriate for picc placement...so shall we try again and fail and then the pt gets a femoral line...yikes that's not so great either.

sometimes placing a picc is easier than a piv!

so again as stated you need to look at the whole picture...risks benefits and the entire situation..how long was the cap off...how long has the picc been in place...maybe if you told me the pt smeared something gross on it i may say change it..but its sitting against the skin and we all know how well nurses are at performing hand hygiene and their 15 second cap scrub!!!!!

again, every facility has different protocols, but we have one of the lowest central line infection rates among our peers and almost always pull lines when they are compromised.

Specializes in PACU, CARDIAC ICU, TRAUMA, SICU, LTC.

Thank you for your responses. The infusion nurse at the pharmacy was contacted. Her response was the same as that given by the supervisor (stated in my thread).

Specializes in Vascular Access.
Thank you for your responses. The infusion nurse at the pharmacy was contacted. Her response was the same as that given by the supervisor (stated in my thread).

Wow... I would really have to be frustrated at this point, if I were you! Sorry, but the supervisor is wrong in her assessment, as if this "infusion" nurse. Please know that I'm responding now only because I'm concerned that for the patient's safety and well-being. To merely label the line "do not use" is problematic, as previously stated.

Can you get an opinion from an MD schooled in vascular access, if there isn't a true infusion nurse in house?

Specializes in Infusion Nursing, Home Health Infusion.

Again I said look at benefit versus the risk in each situation and you need all the facts to make the best decision for that particular patient. I will contact a few national experts and other vacular access specialist to see what they would do in similar cases. No if the edges of a dressing become loose or solied we just change it right away..we do not replace or exchage the PICC..unless the PICC had no dressing for an extended length of time

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