blood compatibility

Clovery · Feb 15, 2012

B.

AB+ is the "universal recipient"

issues arise when a blood type receives another blood type with different antigens. type A has certain antigens, type B has antigens, type O has no antigens. The rH factor (aka positive or negative) is an additional consideration. the "positive" refers to an antigen, which negative types don't have. so when a negative receives a positive, or an O receives an A, etc., it recognizes the antigen as a foreign entity and attacks & rejects it. AB+ already has all the antigens so the body won't recognize anything as foreign and the blood will be accepted.

O- is the "universal donor"

It has no antigens so any blood types can receive it without a reaction. However, since this type has no antigens, the only blood an O- can receive is O-. Any other type has antigens which will be recognized as foreign and rejected.

option A would do fine, so it's not the correct answer

option C would have a reaction

option D would do fine

this is a very nice chart:

Blood type - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hope that made sense.

KelRN215, BSN, RN · Feb 15, 2012

Which of the following compatibility situations is most likely? A patient who is
a. B positive and receives B negative blood will have a transfusion reaction.
b. AB positive and receives B negative blood will do fine.
c. A negative and receives A positive blood will do fine.
d. A negative and receives O negative blood will have a transfusion reaction.

What did you learn? There are two antigens that can be present on the surface of red blood cells- A and B. Blood type represents the presence or absence of these antigens. Type A has the A antigen, Type B has the B, Type AB has both and O has neither. Those with the A antigen have anti-B antibodies, those with B have anti-A antibodies and those with O have both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. Positive and negative represent the presence or absence of the Rh factor.

Think about each of these situations:

B positive receives B negative blood. Why would they have a transfusion reaction? They won't. B positive blood has the B antigen and the Rh factor. B negative blood has the B antigen and no Rh factor. There is no problem transfusing negative blood into a positive recipient because negative simply means they do not have the Rh factor- there is nothing to react to.

AB positive receives B negative blood. Pretty much the same as above. AB positive is the universal recipient because those with AB blood have both antigens and no antibodies and those with the Rh factor can receive either Rh positive or Rh negative blood.

A negative receives A positive blood. Transfusion reaction. You cannot transfuse positive blood into a negative recipient because the body will recognize the Rh factor as foreign and attack it. Not as serious as transfusing A blood into a type O person because the antibodies aren't already formed, but negative recipients can only receive negative blood. This is also why you have to give Rhogam to Rh negative women who have Rh positive babies... if their body is exposed to the Rh factor, it will begin forming antibodies and subsequent pregnancies could be in jeopardy.

A negative receives O negative blood. Why would this person have a transfusion reaction? Type O blood does not have either antigen on the surface of the RBCs so there is nothing to react to. O negative is the universal donor.

The only scenario that is correct here is B.

anonymousstudent · Feb 15, 2012

Blood is complicated. You still have to learn about the antigens. I have a little saying that helps me remember the basics though - It's OK for sad (negative) to become happy (positive) but not for happy to become sad.

vg1003 · Feb 15, 2012

Kel,

You explained the blood compatibility so clearly and thoroughly that it FINALLY makes sense!!! Thank you so much for your help. I will nail any questions we have in regards to this topic on our next test! YAY!!! Sorry, I'm super excited. It's just nice when something finally clicks and you understand something that was frustrating and difficult to understand.

vg1003

Esme12, ASN, BSN, RN · Feb 15, 2012

this may give you your answer.....google is your friend.

blood component abo compatibility chart

KelRN215, BSN, RN · Feb 15, 2012

Kel,
You explained the blood compatibility so clearly and thoroughly that it FINALLY makes sense!!! Thank you so much for your help. I will nail any questions we have in regards to this topic on our next test! YAY!!! Sorry, I'm super excited. It's just nice when something finally clicks and you understand something that was frustrating and difficult to understand.
vg1003

I aim to please. Just one of those things I've always understood well because the person who taught it to me was a fantastic teacher... in high school anatomy class. :w00t:

vg1003 · Mar 20, 2012

Can anyone verify the answers I have chosen? I keep going back and forth with my answers and it's driving me nuts.

Here is what I came up with. If one or more does happen to be incorrect can you guys let me know why so maybe I can understand this information better. Plus, nobody wants to make these mistakes in real life nursing. Thanks all

12.A

13.B

14.B

15.A

***Questions 12-15 refer to the following patient:

A 28-year-old woman with a history of severe HTN presents to the ER with certain S&S that are consistent with brain attack (stroke). A CAT scan shows bleeding in one hemisphere of the cerebrum.

12. Which single answer reflects the most accurate possible set of S&S ?

a. The patient is unable to talk and also unable to smile on the right side of her face.

b. Left-sided neglect is evident when the patient denies the presence of people standing on her left side.

c. Right-sided neglect is evident when the patient denies the presence of people standing on her left side.

d. The patient’s right pupil does not react to light and she has hemiparesis of the right arm and leg.

List for questions 13, 14, & 15:

A. The bleeding in the brain is likely caused by the high cerebral perfusion pressure of her hypertension.

B. The bleeding caused irritation of the brain, inflaming the area and causing edema to press pathologically on certain corticospinal tracts that control the contralateral side of the body below the shoulders.

C. If the bleeding is in the left hemisphere, the patient is likely to have left-sided neglect related to impairment of spatiality.

D. Sensorimotor changes above the shoulders reflect impairment that is ipsilateral to the brain hemisphere that has bleeding.

E. The bleeding caused irritation of the brain, inflaming the area and causing edema to press pathologically on certain corticospinal tracts that control the ipsilateral side of the body below the shoulders.

F. Interventions for this patient should include raising the head of the bed to about 30 degrees to minimize increased ICP.

G. Sensorimotor changes above the shoulders reflect impairment that is contralateral to the brain hemisphere that has bleeding.

H. Interventions for this patient should include an anticoagulant to prevent pathological clotting in the areas of cerebral bleeding.

I. If the bleeding is in the right hemisphere, the patient is likely to deny that she has any illness or impairment at all.

In each of questions 13,14, & 15, choose the answer that accurately reflects the relationship between patho, causes, S&S, and/or interventions in regards to the scenario above.

[TABLE=width: 100%]

[TR]

[TD]14. a. C

b. E

c. B

d. H

[/TD]

[/TR]

[/TABLE]

[TABLE=width: 100%]

[TR]

[TD]13. a. D

b. E

c. G

d. H

[/TD]

[/TR]

[/TABLE]

[TABLE=width: 100%]

[TR]

[TD]15. a. H

b. G

c. C

d. I

[/TD]

[/TR]

[/TABLE]

nurseprnRN, BSN, RN · Mar 20, 2012

this is a horrible testing format. i am having a hard time figuring out who's asking what about whom. it doesn't help that you have, "14, 13, 15" in the last three. mercy.

does it mean that, if you have figured out the location of the intracerebral bleed in the scenario, you then have to figure out which of the four choices in 13 is correct, which of the four choices in 14 is correct, and which of the four choices in 15 is correct?

lemme work on this a minute.

in the one labeled 14 above, the choices are c, e, b, or h -> answer is b-- stroke on one side of the brain causes motor symptoms on the contralateral (opposite) side of the body, and god help you if the neurosurgeon finds out you gave an anticoagulant to somebody with an active brain bleed.

in the one labeled 13 above, the choices are d, e, g, or h -> answer is d-- e is still wrong, g is wrong, and you still had better not anticoagulate this babe

in the one labeled 15 above, the choices are h, g, c, or i -> answer is i; it's a weird syndrome, but that's what happens. g, h, and c are still wrong.

vg1003 · Mar 20, 2012

in the one labeled 14 above, the choices are c, e, b, or h -> answer is b-- stroke on one side of the brain causes motor symptoms on the contralateral (opposite) side of the body, and god help you if the neurosurgeon finds out you gave an anticoagulant to somebody with an active brain bleed.

since you don't use an anticoagulant would you raise the head of the patient's bed and about 30 degrees to minimize increased cranial pressure?

in the one labeled 13 above, the choices are d, e, g, or h -> answer is d-- e is still wrong, g is wrong, and you still had better not anticoagulate this babe

in the one labeled 15 above, the choices are h, g, c, or i -> answer is i; it's a weird syndrome, but that's what happens. g, h, and c are still wrong.

how do you keep straight which side of the upper and lower body are effected? also, do i have the answer to number 12 correct?