What would cause Hgb to plummet?

Nurses General Nursing

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I had a patient last week I can't stop thinking about. Med-surg floor, 40 yr old female, admitted with SOB and fevers one week s/p a Thymectomy to treat myasthenia gravis. After the surgery she had had some complications and ended up having to have a left thoracentesis to remove 850cc fluid. Then, she went home for a few days before being readmitted with the SOB and fevers.

The day I had her (about 3 days after readmit), she looked a little pale and lethargic in the morning and was c/o right lung spasms when she breathed. Vitals normal, afebrile, O2 sat 97% on 3L NC. Pt slightly SOB, lungs diminished, but otherwise fine. However, Hgb was 7.9. Two days before it had been over 9. I called the MD and he ordered a CBC to be drawn later that afternoon to recheck it.

I gave the pt some IV dilaudid to help with the pain of the lung spasms, and besides being a little SOB, pt fine.

At 2:00, I draw the CBC and notice pt looking a little more pale with a slight bluish tinge to lips. Pt O2 sat 90% on 3L. Bump it to 4, call respiratory for a treatment and take the CBC to lab. 20 minutes later lab calls me to report Hgb of 5.9!

Called the MD with the results (who was just as surprised as I was) and he ordered some tests, 2 units blood, etc.

Go into room and find patient extremely SOB, anxious, bluish lips, pale, O2 sat 88% on the 4L. Bump the O2 to 6L and called a rapid response.

Pt ended up being transferred to the unit.

My question - where on earth was this lady bleeding?? No apparent GI bleed, pt's abdomen soft and flat, pt had just had a lung xray that morning that was unchanged from the previous days xray (moderate pleural effusions). I've never seen a Hgb drop that fast. I am relatively new and want to know if I am missing something obvious (if I am, please don't be mean to me, I want to learn)

Also, I don't know if this is related at all, but when I drew patient's lab, her blood was SO THICK and dark, it was like trying to get chocolate pudding out of her veins.

Thoughts?

I'm slowly getting the truck analogy, I think it makes sense but I'm going to read over the posts again. Can someone explain to me why her blood was so thick? Dehydrated? But nothing was said if she was.

Specializes in neuro/med surg, acute rehab.

"Can someone explain to me why her blood was so thick? Dehydrated? But nothing was said if she was."

Yes, I was wondering that too! I had to draw labs twice on her, and her blood was very strange - it honestly looked like chocolate pudding. But I don't think she was dehydrated.

I haven't had time to check in on this patient again - but I work next week so will see if she is still in the hospital and follow up. Will let you all know. I feel like I need closure on this!

Specializes in Home Health/PD.

Wasn't autoimmune mentioned? Couldn't the thickened blood and lowered hbg be something related to an autoimmune disorder? Not sure just guessing.

You think this could have been the cause?

Antiphospholipid syndrome - MayoClinic.com

I am not into diagnosing, but this is a very interesting case! The above explains why blood thickens...and plasma exchange is used to decrease circulating antibodies. Just a thought.

Did the patient get a plasma exchange or something to decrease circulating antibodies??

Specializes in Critical Care, ED, Cath lab, CTPAC,Trauma.

That might be Antiphospholipid syndrome - MayoClinic.com but usually associated with hypercoagulated state .... blood clots and at times a DIC like phenomenon. I have seen "blood like chocolate pudding" in carbon dioxide poisoning, CO2 narcosis or Methemoglobinemia.....that is inherited or acquired.

Acquired methemoglobinemia

The protective enzyme systems normally present in red blood cells maintain methemoglobin levels at less than one percent of the total hemoglobin in healthy people. Exposure to exogenous oxidizing drugs and their metabolites (such as benzocaine, dapsone and nitrates) may accelerate the rate of formation of methemoglobin up to one-thousandfold, overwhelming the protective enzyme systems and acutely increasing methemoglobin levels.

Other classical drug causes of methemoglobinaemia include antibiotics (trimethoprim, sulfonamides and dapsone), local anesthetics (especially articaine and prilocaine), and others such as aniline dyes, metoclopramide, chlorates and bromates. Ingestion of compounds containing nitrates (such as the patina chemical bismuth nitrate) can also cause methemoglobinemia.

Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia (methemoglobin >1%) include shortness of breath, cyanosis, mental status changes (~50%), headache, fatigue, exercise intolerance, dizziness and loss of consciousness. Arterial blood with elevated methemoglobin levels has a characteristic chocolate-brown color as compared to normal bright red oxygen-containing arterial blood

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5129a2.htm

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/815613-overview requires registration but is an excellent source/resource

I have also seen methemoglobinemia in patients that have been exposed to Sodium nitrate and amyl nitrate......an inhaled product that is an anecdote for cyanide but has also been a popular drug called "Poppers" and in patients that were huffing.

Now I am intrigued....there is much more here than just her MG. I need to think more....

Specializes in Hematology/Oncology.
"Can someone explain to me why her blood was so thick? Dehydrated? But nothing was said if she was."Yes, I was wondering that too! I had to draw labs twice on her, and her blood was very strange - it honestly looked like chocolate pudding. But I don't think she was dehydrated.I haven't had time to check in on this patient again - but I work next week so will see if she is still in the hospital and follow up. Will let you all know. I feel like I need closure on this!
As a bone marrow transplant nurse, my first thought on the hgb drop was some sort of hematologic malignancy or disorder (mds or myeloproliferative disorder). I missed the statement about thick blood. I've seen hyperviscosity in a few patients when I worked on the floor...they were all multiple myeloma patients.
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