PHARM for the NCLEX

[april31099]

Pharmacology - Know Indication/Action/Effect

Prefix/Suffix

-ase = thrombolytic

-azepam = benzodiazepine

-azine = antiemetic; phenothiazide

-azole = proton pump inhibitor, antifungal

-barbital = barbiturate

-coxib = cox 2 enzyme blockers

-cep/-cef = anti-infectives

-caine = anesthetics

-cillin = penicillin

-cycline = antibiotic

-dipine = calcium channel blocker

-floxacin = antibiotic

-ipramine = Tricyclic antidepressant

-ine = reverse transcriptase inhibitors, antihistamines

-kinase = thrombolytics

-lone, pred- = corticosteroid

-mab = monoclonal antibiotics

-micin = antibiotic, aminoglycoside

-navir = protease inhibitor

nitr-, -nitr- = nitrate/vasodilator

-olol = beta antagonist

-oxin = cardiac glycoside

-osin = Alpha blocker

-parin = anticoagulant

-prazole = PPI's

-phylline = bronchodilator

-pril = ACE inhibitor

-statin = cholesterol lowering agent

-sartan = angiotensin II blocker

-sone = glucocorticoid, corticosteroid

-stigmine = cholinergics

-terol = Beta 2 Agonist

-thiazide = diuretic

-tidine = antiulcer

-trophin = Pituitary Hormone

-vir = anti-viral, protease inhibitors

-zosin = Alpha 1 Antagonist

-zolam = benzo/sedative

-zine = antihistamine

Pharm Facts

-Don't give non-selective beta-blockers to patients w/respiratory problems

-Vitamin C can cause false +I've occult blood

-Avoid the 'G' herbs (ginsing, ginger, ginko, garlic) when on anti-clotting drugs (coumadin, ASA, Plavix, etc)

-ASA toxicity can cause ringing of the ears

-No narcotics to any head-injury victims

-Mg2+ toxicity is treated with Calcium Gluconate

-Do not give Calcium-Channel Blockers with Grapefruit Juice

-Oxytocin is never administered through the primary IV

-Lithium patients must consume extra sodium to prevent toxicity

-MAOI Patients should avoid tyramine:

oAacados, bananas, beef/chicken liver, caffeine, red wine, beer, cheese (except cottage cheese), raisins, sausages, pepperoni, yogurt, sour cream.

-Don't give atropine for glaucoma – it increases IOP

-Don't give ant-acids with food -- b/c it delays gastric emptying.

-Don't give Stadol to Methadone/Heroin Preggo's -- cause instant withdrawal symptoms

-Insulin – clear before cloudy

-Don't give meperidine (Demerol) to pancreatitis patients

-Always verify bowel sounds when giving Kayexelate

-Hypercalcemia = hypophosphatemia (and vice versa)

-Radioactive Dye – urine excretion

-Signs of toxic ammonia levels is asterixis (hands flapping)

-D10W can be substituted for TPN (temporary use)

-Dopamine and Lasix are incompatible

-Hypoglycemic shivers can be stopped by holding the limb, seizures cannot (infants)

-Common symptom of aluminum hydroxide – constipation

-Thiazide diuretics may induce hyperglycemia

-Take iron with Vit C – it enhances absorbtion – Do not take with milk

-B1 - For Alcoholic Patients (to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy & Korsakoff's synd)

-B6 - For TB Patients

-B9 - For Pregnant Patients

-B12 - Pernicious anemia, Vegetarians.

-Complications of Coumadin - 3H's - Hemorrhage, hematuria & hepatitis

-FFP is administered to DIC b/c of the clotting Fx

-Mannitol (osmtic diuretic [Head injury]) crystallizes at room temp – use a filter needle

-Antianxiety medication is pharmacologically similar to alcohol –used for weaning Tx

-Administrate Glucagon when pt is hypoglycemia and unresponsive

-Phenazopyridine ( Pyridium)--Urine will appear orange

-Rifampicin -- Red-urine, tears, sweat)

-Hot and Dry = sugar high (hyperglycemia)

-Cold and clammy = need some candy (hypoglycemia)

-Med of choice for V-tach is lidocaine

-Med of choice for SVT = adenosine or adenocard

-Med of choice for Asystole = atropine

-Med of choice for CHF is Ace inhibitor.

-Med of choice for anaphylactic shock is Epinephrine

-Med of choice for Status Epilepticus is Valium.

-Med of choice for bipolar is lithium.

-Give ACE inhibitors w/food to prevent stomach upset

-Administer diuretics in the morning

-Give Lipitor at 1700 since the enzymes work best during the evenin

-Common Tricyclic Meds - 3 syllabes (pamelor, elavil)

-Common MAOI's - 2 syllables (nardil, marplan)

-TPN has a dedicated line & cannot be mixed ahead of time

-RHoGAM -- Given at 28 weeks & 72 hrs postpartum

-Do not administer erythromycin to Multiple Sclerosis pt

-Benadryl and Xanax taken together will cause additive effects.

-Can't take Lasix if allergic to Sulfa drugs.

-Acetaminophen can be used for headache when the client is using nitroglycerin.

-Dilantin - can not give with dextrose. Only give with NS.

Addison is skinny ( hypoglycemic, you get weight loss, you got weakness, and you get postural hypotn) Cushing is fat ( hyperglycemic, you get moon face big cheeks, and you retain a lot of Na and fluid)

-Never Give via IVP:

oKCL

oHeparin

oIbuprofen

oInsulin

oDobutamine

oASA

oAlbumin

oAcetaminophen

-Insulin:

oRapid: lispro – onset

oShort: Regular – onset ½ - 1 hr. Peak: 2-3hr. Duration: 4-6 hr

oInt: NPH or Lente – onset: 2 hr. Peak 6-12 hr. Duration: 16-24hr

oLong: Ultralente – onset 4-6 hr. Peak: 12-16 hr. Duration: >24hr

oV.Long: Lantus – onset 1 hr. Peak: None. Duration: 24 hr continuous

-Anticholergic Side Effects:

oCan't See

oCan't Pee

oCan't Spit

oCan't Sh*t

-Hypocalcemia – CATS

oConvulsions

oArrythmias

oTetany

oSpasms & Stridor

-Hyper Kalemia Causes: 'MACHINE'

oMedicationa (ace inhibitors, NSAIDS)

oAcidosis (metabolic & repiratory)

oCellular destruction (burns, traumatic injuy)

oHypoaldosteronism, Hemolysis

oNephrons, renal failure

oExcretion (impaired)

-Signs of increased K ' Murder'

oMuscle weaknes

oUrine – olyguria, anuria

oRespiratory distress

oDecreaed cardiac contractility

oECG Changes

oReflexes – hyperreflexia, or flaccid

-Substance Poisoning and Antidotes

oMethanol -- Ethanol

oCO2 -- Oxygen

oDopamine -- Phentolamine

oBenzo's (Versed) -- Flumazenil

oLead -- Succimer, Calcium Disodium

oIron -- Deferoxamine

oCoumadin -- Vitamin K

oHeparin -- Protamine Sulfate

oThorazine -- Cogentine

oWild Mushrooms - Atropine

oRat Poison - Vit K

-Parkland Formula: 4cc * Kg * BSA Burned = Total Volume Necessary

o1st 8hrs – ½ total volume

o2nd 8hrs – ¼ total volume

o3rd 8 hrs – ¼ total volumes

[caliotter3]

The best resource is your pharm textbook from school.

[Michael'sprv8RN]

Please try searching some of the threads here on some websites for Pharma. Sorry, this isn't the exact answer to your question. What I kept looking for is a Q&A material that concentrates on INFECTION for NCLEX-RN. May be too late for me but will surely help.

Good luck!

[IJUSTWISH]

Thanks you so much... if you have anymore info about please dn;t be afraid to post

Thanks