OR Nurses Giving Conscious Sedation--WHY SHOULD WE?

Specialties CRNA

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I posted this tonight on the operating room nursing section, and would much appreciate it if the anesthesia providers who post here would visit that section and post your thoughts, so that they can reach those OR nurses who don't ever visit your section.

I know we have discussed this topic here before.

I am getting more and more alarmed at the trend of OR nurses giving conscious sedation, and frankly, I think it is time we simply refuse to do it--too much risk, too much responsibility involved in doing something that OTHER people--those of YOUR group--are experts at doing--and are compensated accordingly for doing.

I would really like to see anesthesia providers lobby to have this practice changed--forever.

Of course, if there are anesthesia providers who DISAGREE--who feel that OR nurses SHOULD welcome this "expanded role as a perioperative nurse--" by all means please respond, as well. I would be very interested in hearing your rationales.

Thank you. My post is below.

Frankly, I have never understood why some operating room nurses feel honored to be able to sit up at the head of the bed and administer conscious sedation, especially during elective cosmetic surgery procedures (in which the patient could afford the services of a CRNA or anesthesiologist.)

I think it is a power trip for them--makes them feel oh-so-important.

OK, here come the flames from those who consider it "an expansion of their role as a perioperative nurse" and apparently aren't concerned about not being trained--or compensated--in the same way a CRNA or anesthesiologist would be for doing the same thing.

I truly believe that this is a classic example of the saying, "A little knowledge can be dangerous."

Yes, I am ACLS certified--I am good at starting IVs--I know the conscious sedation drugs and the drugs to reverse them---and hey, I have even had to do a stab trach or two with a jelco to ensure an adequate airway and prevent imminent death----but that was as a Vietnam era corpsman, when there was no other option.

There was no MD or CRNA to call on--as an independent duty corpsman, I was it. Oh, and the situation was trauma--NOT elective cosmetic surgery.

Today, there are plenty of other options--those include staff CRNAs and anesthesiologists who are PAID for their skills at airway management and conscious sedation (as well as far more complicated anesthesia situations.)

Yes, times have indeed changed.

Personally, I do not feel they pay me enough to take on this role and the extra responsibility it entails--especially when CRNAs or anesthesiologists are sitting around with nothing to do--simply because hospital management, or cosmetic surgery patients who are paying out of pocket, do not want to reimburse those providerd (or bill the insurance) accordingly.

This often happens in elective cosmetic surgery cases where insurance ISN'T picking up the tab. Rather than pay the person who is trained--and welll compensated--to do this job--we are supposed to do it.

Why are we allowing ourselves to be exploited as a source of cheap labor?

I actually worked registry a few times at a hospital where, in my opinion, the "queen bee" RNs who fought for the chance to give conscious sedation were waayyyyyyyy over their heads--they were allowed by certain plastic surgeons to simply give drugs in the increments and fashion they (the nurses) saw fit--usually Fentanyl and Versed--and more than once they got into trouble and had to slip in an oral airway, bag the patient, and reverse the Versed with Romazicon or the Fentanyl with Narcan to end up with (eventually!) a spontaneously breathing patient.

Forget about having anesthesia nearby to come bail them out--they had long since gone home--none covering OB, either, as this small hospital had no OB unit.

I expressed my concern to their supervisor about this--with some trepidation--I knew it would not be well received since I was not staff. Her answer? "We do it all the time--and anyway, if they run into trouble, they can call the ER doctor."

Right. Like he is going to drop whatever he is doing (perhaps handling his own code!) and rush right over to bail someone out of a situation they should not have been doing in the first place.

(When I voiced THIS, I was given a blank and hostile stare--and, not called to work there again, surprise--as if I would have wanted to return to this hotbed of sentinel events in the making.)

What do the rest of you think? Why are nurses taking on this role? If you have no other objection, just consider this one---they just do not pay us enough to do it.

__________________

yoga, that's the very reason i asked the question. someone of your experience carries much more weight than a lowly second semester srna, and yes, i too believe that is why only airway experts should provide "anesthesia"

ps i do not as yet believe nor do i concider myself an airway expert.

d

Being rendered apneic with airway obstruction is a definite possibility in the sedation arena. Isn't this why we always attempt to ventilate after induction and before giving muscle relaxants? Even in my short clinical experience so far, I have been a bit puckered more than once when ventilation was extremely difficult after induction.

The conscious sedation arena is no different. Except the RN giving the sedation must be prepared to handle the obstructed airway. Unfortunately, most will be unable to do so. When they recognize the patient is circling the drain, they will have to rely on drug reversal which will take several minutes. Several minutes in the patient will no to little reserve will result in hypoxia and possible arrest.

Jacala,

You have proved my argument that you have limited knowledge or ability to administer conscious sedation.

I can't believe that you reverse all patients, whether or not they need it. As others have said, reversal may be very dangerous if you UNDERSTAND the pharmacokinetics of the agent and reversal agent.

In the last 20 years of my practice, where I administer at least 10 sedation anesthetics a week, I think I have used reversal agents on 1 patient. That patient was an RN administered, surgeon ordered sedation where the patient would not respond. Every 2 years I replace unused, unopened reversal agents that have expired.

Real anesthetists know how to do sedation with reversal.

Let the flames begin,

Yoga CRNA

EXACTLY, Yoga. Well said. I had NEVER seen Romazicon used until one of those "important" RNs at the little hospital I spoke about got into trouble after using too much Versed, had to slip in an airway (actually--the SURGEON broke scrub and slipped in the airway--she was unsure as to how to do it, exactly) bag the patient and give the Romazicon to, as I said earlier, end up with an eventually spontaneously breathing patient.

That would NEVER had happened had a CRNA or anesthesiologist been at the head of the table titrating the drugs--not simply giving a little of this, and a LOT of that--"that" being Versed. This was the nurse whose theory was, more Versed, less Fentanyl--and don't even suggest more local-- because "he may be in pain, but he won't remember it."

Really, really scary what a little knowledge can do to some people.

Here's the flip side of this coin--neither the surgeon OR the nurse at the head of the table has a clue about the drug dosages--and they want the patient to be discharged from PACU in a timely fashion, or better yet, bypass PACU altogether--so they don't give enough of ANYTHING IV--

And the patient is in so much pain--if only from the administration of the local-- that he or she is practically screaming and lifting up off the table--

And the surgeon is screaming, "Hold his legs down!! Hold his arms down!! D*mn it, keeps his arms out of the field!"

Truly, truly barbaric.

Being rendered apneic with airway obstruction is a definite possibility in the sedation arena. Isn't this why we always attempt to ventilate after induction and before giving muscle relaxants? Even in my short clinical experience so far, I have been a bit puckered more than once when ventilation was extremely difficult after induction.

The conscious sedation arena is no different. Except the RN giving the sedation must be prepared to handle the obstructed airway. Unfortunately, most will be unable to do so. When they recognize the patient is circling the drain, they will have to rely on drug reversal which will take several minutes. Several minutes in the patient will no to little reserve will result in hypoxia and possible arrest.

Exactly. At which point the RN giving sedation is supposed to call for--Who? Who, exactly, is going to want to come bail her out of this mess? And what happens if her "rescuer" is tied up on his or her own emergency? And yet, the powers that be consider this an acceptable situation.

Being rendered apneic with airway obstruction is a definite possibility in the sedation arena. Isn't this why we always attempt to ventilate after induction and before giving muscle relaxants? Even in my short clinical experience so far, I have been a bit puckered more than once when ventilation was extremely difficult after induction.

The conscious sedation arena is no different. Except the RN giving the sedation must be prepared to handle the obstructed airway. Unfortunately, most will be unable to do so. When they recognize the patient is circling the drain, they will have to rely on drug reversal which will take several minutes. Several minutes in the patient will no to little reserve will result in hypoxia and possible arrest.

Exactly. At which point the RN giving sedation is supposed to call for--Who? Who, exactly, is going to want to come bail her out of this mess? And what happens if her "rescuer" is tied up on his or her own emergency? And yet, the powers that be consider this an acceptable situation.

I know how to give IM or IV sux for laryngospasm, if need be--but this is not one of the drugs we are "allowed" to give as RNs "trained" to give conscious sedation. So, I guess if a patient laryngospasms we are simply to stand helplessly and allow it to happen? While we call for our "rescuer" to come bail us out?

Specializes in ER.

I think that RN's are not paid enough for this duty, and most aren't trained well(or at all in most cases) but I think that about a lot of the RN duties. Unfortunately since we took these jobs we need to do what current practice demands of us or quit. I was lucky enough to get to go to a a two day seminar on concious sedation so I am very comfortable with it, although some of the docs using it don't seem to have the knowledge base that even I do. An RN managing drugs and the airway has to have the cojones to say "no" to the doc who wants her to be a gofer at the same time, or expects a 30 second peak med action.

As for managing an airway, the hospital and operating doc know my capabilities when they put me in that role, ie that I cannot intubate. So having and knowing how to use an oral or NP airway, bag and mask, and reversal agents are what I do. If intubation is needed or laryngospasm occurs the doc is expected to stop the procedure (duh!) and take over. If the doc fails then a code is called and we have the ER doc come intubate.

Fortunately part of the assessment portion before a concious sedation is assessment of the airway, and the patient's general health, done by myself and the doc involved. If I look at a short thick necked person I can tell the doc I am calling anesthesia to consult with them, (don't need an order) and based on my comfort level they recommend CRNA or MD doing the procedure, a recommendation the operating doc can't ignore.

[quote name=canoehead If intubation is needed or laryngospasm occurs the doc is expected to stop the procedure (duh!) and take over. If the doc fails then a code is called and we have the ER doc come intubate.

[/quote]

HOLY MOLEY!!!! This is what I mean--a situation should never GET to that point!!!!!

If intubation is needed--then you have not managed the drugs in the way that you should have managed them to maintain conscious sedation--and you are not skilled in handling the next level, which is intubation and general anesthesia.

This is expected of anyone giving conscious sedation--to be able to proceed to and handle the next "deeper" level--and yet we are not taught how to do so.

We are, instead taught, to yell (or PRAY) for someone to bail us out of the fine mess we have gotten ourselves in to.

And you cannot manage the airway anymore if the doctor is expected to take over, so that 2 day class you took becomes worthless.

You make it sound almost like, no big deal--"if the doctor fails then a code is called and we have the ER doc come intubate."

Is this a common enough occurrence that to your hospital it is "no big deal?" And what happens if the ER doc is tied up in the ER on his OWN code?

And what about the FAMILIES waiting for their loved one to come out of his outpatient, conscious sedation procedure?

Are they not concerned when they hear a code called and see an ER doc come running?

What explanation do they get for all the chaos?

You should not have to be in this situation in the first place, because you are not an anesthesia provider! You are a nurse!

Why can't we let them do what they do best, and we continue to do what we do best--not what we have been forced to learn to do in a half-a**ed fashion.

loisane, yoga, kmchugh--everybody--please, please write to AORN and put a stop to this dangerous practice. TODAY. Thank you.

Specializes in ER.

This has NEVER happened because we do have the skill to manage an airway and titrate drugs effectively. But we still need to know what we would do *if* it were to happen, and I described it to you. We have someone present in the room that is able to intubate, and more skilled providers in house.

Like Yoga, I have once had to reverse a benzodiazapine. It was on a teenager who had found his grandma's valium. I was called after the ER doc tried to rouse the kid with Narcan. Oddly enough, it had no effect.

Yoga makes a very good point. A trained anesthetist rarely, if ever, needs to give reversal to a patient they have sedated for a procedure. Some of that comes from a better understanding of the pharmacokinetics of the drugs we use, and some of that comes from having a wider range of drugs to choose from. I don't have to snow a patient with a longer acting sedative, I've got Propofol, et al. I still use narcotics and benzo's, but with a MAC technique that combines a few different drugs, I have most of my patients ready to have coffee five minutes after the completion of the procedure.

Add to that the fact that I also come to a MAC procedure prepared to handle any unusual circumstance. For teeituptom and JACALA, how often do you monitor vitals, and what will you do when you hit the rare animal whose blood pressure drops significantly when sedated? Do you have fast acting vasopressors at the bedside? Which one will you use? Generally, this is a situation easily handled by an experienced anesthetist. If handled immediately, it almost never even becomes a problem. If not handled, it often becomes a crisis.

I don't think we'll see any answers to my questions, though, because the two people who feel that sedating patients is "no biggie" haven't returned to the thread. Perhaps they are learning there's a bit more to this "conscious sedation" thing than you are learning in your "annual competency training." But I doubt it.

Kevin McHugh

Like Yoga, I have once had to reverse a benzodiazapine. It was on a teenager who had found his grandma's valium. I was called after the ER doc tried to rouse the kid with Narcan. Oddly enough, it had no effect.

Yoga makes a very good point. A trained anesthetist rarely, if ever, needs to give reversal to a patient they have sedated for a procedure. Some of that comes from a better understanding of the pharmacokinetics of the drugs we use, and some of that comes from having a wider range of drugs to choose from. I don't have to snow a patient with a longer acting sedative, I've got Propofol, et al. I still use narcotics and benzo's, but with a MAC technique that combines a few different drugs, I have most of my patients ready to have coffee five minutes after the completion of the procedure.

Add to that the fact that I also come to a MAC procedure prepared to handle any unusual circumstance. For teeituptom and JACALA, how often do you monitor vitals, and what will you do when you hit the rare animal whose blood pressure drops significantly when sedated? Do you have fast acting vasopressors at the bedside? Which one will you use? Generally, this is a situation easily handled by an experienced anesthetist. If handled immediately, it almost never even becomes a problem. If not handled, it often becomes a crisis.

I don't think we'll see any answers to my questions, though, because the two people who feel that sedating patients is "no biggie" haven't returned to the thread. Perhaps they are learning there's a bit more to this "conscious sedation" thing than you are learning in your "annual competency training." But I doubt it.

Kevin McHugh

I have seen supposedly "experienced" RNs giving conscious sedation "freak out" or become immobilized when they saw what, in reality, was a simple vagal reaction--and had no clue as to what they were seeing or how to handle it.

Did they administer O2, put the bed into Trendelenberg, or administer Atropine?

No.

They stood there, immobilized, while someone else made suggestions or took over.

Yet these people supposedly felt comfortable taking charge of an airway--a life or death situation--because they "had an inservice" or "took a class." Scary.

Like Yoga, I have once had to reverse a benzodiazapine. It was on a teenager who had found his grandma's valium. I was called after the ER doc tried to rouse the kid with Narcan. Oddly enough, it had no effect.

Kevin McHugh

Were you being facetious here, Kevin? I mean--Narcan WOULD NOT BE EFFECTIVE for reversing Valium--as it is not a narcotic--correct?

Wouldn't Romazicon be the correct reversal agent, as it is for Versed?

And--shouldn't the ER doctor have KNOWN this?

Then again--he is not an anesthesia provider--so WHY WOULD HE?

Specializes in ER.

Anyone who gives benzos for sedation should know how to reverse them, MD or not.

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