Published
here's a list:
]HYPOTONIC]:] 0.45% Saline (free water, replace fluid losses, not electrolytes)
]ISOTONIC:
]0.9% Saline] (only solution used with blood products), not for calories, electrolytes or free water, used to replace EC fluid losses (expander)
]Ringer's Solution]: no Mg2+ no HCO3-, no calories, no free water, to replace
]EC losses, used to expand intravascular volume
]Hartmann's Solutionn (Lactated Ringer's):] no Mg2+, no calories, no free water, to treat mild metabolic acidosis, losses from burns and lower GI, not for lactic acidosis
]5% Dextrose in Water: ] 170 calories/L, free water, replace water losses, used
]to treat hypernatremia, no electrolytes
]5% Dextrose in 0.225% Saline]: 170 calories/L, free water, Na+, Cl-,
]used to replace hypotonic losses and treat hypernatremia
]HYPERTONIC]:
]10% Dextrose in Water]: 340 calories/L, free water only, no electrolytes
]5% Dextrose in 0.45% Saline]: 170 cal/L, same as 0.45% NaCl
]5% Dextrose in 0.9% Saline]: 170 cal/L, same as 0.9% NaCl
]3.0% Saline]: treat hyponatremia, slow admin (overload, pulm edema)
Isotonic is a term for fluids with the same osmolality as the cell interior.
Hypotonic is a term for solutions in which the solutes are less concentrated than the cells (= hypoosmolar).
Hypertonic is a term for solutions with solutes more concentrated than cells (= hyperosmolar).
Normally, the ICF and ECF are isotonic to one another.
If hypotonic fluid surrounds a cell, then water moves into the cell (the cell then will swell and it can burst).
If hypertonic fluid surrounds a cell, then water leaves the cell (the ECF will become diluted), and the cell will shrink (and maybe die).
heavenly14313
42 Posts
Can someone please explain the difference in IV fluids (hypertonic, hypotonic), in what cases you would give which one, and the names of the common ones?
I promise I've read my book on this.. a lot. But when it comes test time I always get confused by the scenario questions.
Your knowledge would be GREATLY appreciated!