Never Argue With Dementia (and Other Nuggets of Nursing Wisdom)

A veteran RN and nursing director shares a few tips and tricks of the trade, which have been hard-won through years of work as a nurse and even more years of study at the University of Hard Knocks, from which no one ever truly graduates. Nurses Announcements Archive Article

It never fails....you're walking down the hall to check on your new patient when you hear an aide loudly attempting to persuade sweet, confused, deaf-as-a-post Ethel to get into bed "BECAUSE IT'S NIGHTTIME AND EVERYONE IS GOING TO SLEEP!"

Ethel, for her part, is equally determined that she's going outside to wait for her husband on the front porch: "My Robert is going to be home any minute. He'll be so upset if I'm not there to meet him." Insistently, she strips off her hospital gown, spies the bag containing her personal items slung over the back of the wheelchair she arrived in, and begins to dress herself again. "What time is it?" she inquires as she searches frantically for a clock and nearly topples over in her haste to put her shoes back on. "I really must go........"

Now, if you went to nursing school in the 1990s like I did, you were probably taught to try re-orienting Ethel to the current time and place. Back then, a common response to an exit-seeking patient might have been: "Oh, no, Ethel, you can't go outside, it's 9 PM and freezing out. You're in the hospital, honey. Let's put your gown back on---"

WHACK! Sweet little Ethel belts you upside the head with a tiny fist that feels like steel, then lets fly with a primal scream that could pierce the ears of a statue two blocks away. The aide activates the emergency call system and attempts to restrain the 90-pound wildcat, only to meet with a similar punch to the midsection; but within 10 seconds there are enough personnel in the room to take down an NFL offensive lineman. A co-worker produces a Posey vest and some soft restraints, and a few minutes later this elderly lady whose only 'crime' is dementia is fastened in bed, crying for her long-dead spouse with only the sitter at her side for company.

This scenario didn't have to happen. Thankfully it happens less often nowadays, but only because some nurses questioned the "conventional wisdom" and decided it was better to join the confused elderly in their reality, rather than try to yank them rudely back into ours. I look at it this way: if the life you were living back in 1952 with your husband and children was happier than the nursing-home existence you're enduring now, what's the harm in staying there if you want?

I've taken so many interesting trips and seen more distant lands with Alzheimer's patients, and other victims of dementing diseases, than I ever have in real life. I've been to Austria and Germany with one gentleman who's still fighting the Nazis in his lively memory; traveled to parts of Russia and survived a Siberian winter with the fellow who spent the final months of his life in my assisted-living facility; even patrolled the highways with the very first female deputy ever hired in the state. Now why did anyone ever think that dragging these folks back from their glory days was the right thing to do?

Take-home lesson: Arguing with dementia is like trying to teach a pig to sing---it never works, and it annoys the living daylights out of the pig.

Here are a few more nuggets of nursing wisdom for you, if you want them.

1) When a patient tells you he's going to die---even if his vital signs are stable and he looks healthier than you do---believe him.

2) People are more than just a set of diagnoses. Say it's the year 2030, and you're the admissions director of a long-term care facility. A file lands on your desk, and you're asked to evaluate a prospective resident who's got a history of alcoholism, diabetes, HTN, irritable bowel syndrome, GERD, asthma, arthritis, morbid obesity, frequent kidney stones, herpes simplex, UTIs, venous stasis, chronic low back pain, and bipolar disorder II. This is a classic example of what healthcare professionals call a 'train wreck', and you decide not to accept this patient, knowing no one could blame you for it.

Guess what? You just turned away someone you already know pretty well from visiting allnurses on a frequent basis.

3) Do what you love........and if you can't manage that, love what you do. I cannot overemphasize the necessity of having a passion for this work, because if you don't---if you do it only for the paycheck---you will more than likely become cynical and jaded. The job is simply too hard for the average nurse to keep going, year after year, decade after decade, when there are too few rewards for all the blood, sweat, and tears we put into it. There has to be a higher purpose to it (and I don't necessarily mean a religious one) for most of us to survive it with our bodies and minds intact.

So, if you don't like the job you have---or have the job you want---go out and get another one. Being satisfied with what you do for 8 or 12 hours out of the day isn't everything, but it IS a big thing.......and believe me, your patients (not to mention your friends and family) will thank you for it.

Embrace life. Embrace your profession and be proud of it. And never forget to allow the Ethels of the world to at least look out of the window, so they can see for themselves that it really is nighttime.......and know that Robert has arrived home safely.

I worked in an LTC facility where 80 and 90 year old patients routinely wanted to get married (to other patients) in spite of the fact that their wife or husband of 50 year was a regular visitor.

I can't wait to get old! It'll be so much fun (unless those darn nurses try to crimp my style!)

Specializes in Medsurg/ICU, Mental Health, Home Health.
I worked in an LTC facility where 80 and 90 year old patients routinely wanted to get married (to other patients) in spite of the fact that their wife or husband of 50 year was a regular visitor.

I can't wait to get old! It'll be so much fun (unless those darn nurses try to crimp my style!)

We often joke about what kind of older person we'll be. One nurse, we've decided, will be helping other patients, one will be stripping, another telling stories nonstop, etc.

I think I'll be like my dear departed paternal grandmother. She was an escape artist. She jumped fences and ran away a few times in her 70s....that's when we decided she needed perhaps a more structured environment than my aunt's house.

Working my ortho floor, I once had a (demented) patient who was very worried about us nurses and aides. He was convinced there was a murderer roaming the halls, looking for us. I calmed him down by telling him we had called the police and they were on their way, and that all of us had safe places to hide. I thought it was sweet of him to be worried about us!

The arguement over this kind of approach has been going on for years! Naomi Feil started validation therapy in 1963 and since then others have talked about it being a total approach to dementia rather than a therapeutic session (though I see how it would work in both situations). I researched it for an assignment in my masters degree and it sounds great - the odd time I've tried it out it had a good result - but because no-one can come up with any reliable empirical evidence they can't advocate the teaching of it (well that was the latest article I could find anyway). It all comes down to the boffins in their labs - if they say it's okay then it's allowed. Doesn't matter that there are hundreds of us out there saying it works - that's anecdotal and not scientific (and therefore unreliable).

I'd rather sit in a bunker for 10 minutes with an army officer and wait until those damn gerries have passed than spend half an hour pulling a screaming old man out from under his bed - wouldn't you?

Specializes in Psych, LTC/SNF, Rehab, Corrections.

This was helpful.

We have a little lady or two who goes in and out like that.

I get to her for dinner.

"Oh, no - honey. I'm waiting for my husband. He's supposed to pick me up any --"

So I said something like, "Well - we can meet him at the train station. Let me take you to the train station so you can wait for him to pick you up and we can get a bite to eat there too. So, you won't be hungry. It's way easier to instead of having him come alllll the way around to come get you?"

She thought it over and said, "Ok..."

I'll have another resident who will 'out of the blue' just get scared when she's in her room and start screaming for her husband. "Charles! I'm cold. Where's Charles...? Charles! Charles! Help! Heeeeeelllllpppp! Charles!"

I sometimes don't know WHAT to tell these residents when they go off like that. What can I say, "He'll be right back"? What if she expects it and goes looking for him? I've seen residents look for loved ones. Day after day. It's sad. They get dressed up and wait by the windows or go outside in the courtyard (purse in hand) refusing to eat their meals because their daughter/husband/mother is coming to 'pick them up'

It's not the case with my little lady. She's about 88 and her husband's been deceased for years.

So, I just try to redirect her. Get her mind off the matter.

"Charles...where's charles...?"

"What's going on, Ms _______"

"I'm cold. I'm so cold. Take me over yonder. I need Charles."

"Whose Charles, mama?"

"Say what?"

"Who is MR. Charles, Ms _____"

"My husband."

I feign surprise. "You're married? I never knew that!"

She looks up, "Yes..."

"Oh, how long have you been married?"

She thinks. "Fifty...two years, I reckon..."

"I hope to be married that long. My parents have only been married 34 years. So, you've got them beat, huh."

"I sure do...!"

Then I have to sit and talk with her b/c she doesn't want to be alone. "Don't leave. You sit right here. Sit down."

...and she'll grab your hand and pat it.

Like that. All in all, I've really been getting a load of practice on my therapeutic communication skills since working with psych pts.

We have to. We're a no-restraint facility. No 4 Pts. No seclusion. Might have a little Ativan to calm them but it's 0.5 mg.

So, we have to 'use our words'... a lot. This will sound bad, but 'time outs' help.... too.

Sometimes, rowdy or riled pts just have to collect their thoughts and simmer down.

Anyway, as I understand it? You feed into it, I guess, if they're suffering dementia alzheimers...for peace of mind. Because the truth causes pain.

...but if they're having schizophrenic delusions,i.e., seeing snakes and beasts, etc...?

You should try to orient them to reality. To help them understand 'real from not'.

I tried this after I did my mental health clinial/course in NS.

"I know that you see the snakes - but I don't see them."

It worked.

He stopped saying it for the moment.

Specializes in Cardiac ICU/Stepdown.

I have run many a dogs out of the room that were bothering my dementia patients. Other people would argue that they didn't see them, you're at the hospital, etc only leading to increased anxiety because those darn dogs were still bothering them! I will reorient my pt that just get somewhat confused and can be reoriented and I also treat my psych patients differently. I have a daughter who has schizophrenia and I find the most important thing over anything else with her is assuring her that she is safe. Also how I deal with my psych patients depends where in the continuim of rationality they are. One thing I always like to tell new nurses that I learned through my personal experience is you cannot rationalize with irrationality. I read a really interesting article the other week. If I am ever in a nursing home please put me here:

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/01/health/01care.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all%3Fsrc%3Dtp&smid=fb-share

Please let me eat chocolate!

Specializes in Rural Health.

thanks so much for sharing, I graduated in 2003 as an LPN and worked full time in a nursing for awhile. Re-orienting the demented was rarely, if ever successful. I agree that the only thing to do is agree with the patient and not argue.

I know I'm years late to this discussion, however...

God bless you all... it takes a very special person to do your job.

I am not a nurse but, both of my parents are in a LTC facility with severe dementia. This issue of reorientation is very real for me; their health is very good (not even general geriatric issues) and we could conceivably carry on like this for years. The difference in their day-to-day mental health is very obvious depending on who is working their ward that day... reorienting NEVER works, and avoidance only causes more distress. The best caregivers take that extra two minutes to listen and placate and cajole. This is a no restraint facility, so they use drugs that specifically warn of dangers in use in elderly patients... very frustrating. Mom is in a locked ward; Dad is on a short hall (as they don't have a ward for males). The issues of reorientating and not letting them visit each other when family isn't there have caused all sorts of grief. Seems like it would be much easier on all involved to take 10 minutes to let them see each other and have a cup of tea than to argue for 3 hours and purposely avoid letting them have contact. Thank you for this article and all the comments; it is so reassuring and feels like validation!

On the lighter side;

They are in their 90's and spend most of their time in the 1940's; Mom was an RN and Dad a pilot in WWII. Mom is redirected with 'charts' of her own to review and 'making rounds' and spends her time comforting other patients... when she's not firing the 'girls' and sending exhausted aides home to rest, or 'lazy' aides off to clean "If you have time to lean, you have time to clean!" :) Dad often thinks he's in an military hospital, and is only redirected with reminders that he needs to 'recover' in order to return to his wife.

This is such a sad, sad disease.

Thank you, again, to all of you who choose to help these patients have some peace, and maintain a wee bit of dignity.

Just,

Kizzy.