Differing types of therapeutic self-defense philosophy and techniques

Specialties Psychiatric

Published

As a nurse who's recently gone back to psych (my true love), I was totally taken aback by the type of training my state psych facility provides.

I'm a patient-first advocate, and always concerned for what's right for patients. Patient's should never receive any form of abuse. However, I feel there's a balance between patient's rights and the rights of the staff to be safe and free from abuse. At my facility (which is a state-run facility) I feel as though they've completely sacrificed the rights of the nurse and techs in favor of the rights of the patient.

I want to preface this with the understanding that we are assuming all verbal therapeutic communication, and early interventions are exhausted prior to crisis events.

Case in point:

Blocking a punch in any way if it's directed outward from the body (as happens in any karate tournament, 99% of the time without injury) is considered abuse as it MAY injure the patient's striking arm. There is a difference between assaulting a patient with a punch and a block, however the state does not recognize this difference. To me, this is extreme.

2nd issue:

Our state does not provide security personell for interventions. In Colorado, we had a designated security team trained in detaining, restraining, physical and mechanical restraints. BOTH staff and security would intervene and answer distress signals. (Mech restraints were the responsibility of the nurse ONLY, but they were still trained in application) This was back in 2005.

In my current state, there is no provision for security, and the staff is to intervene in any and all crisis situations. My unit is VERY acute, and we have physical altercations often.

Again, I'm all for "balance". I understand that we are not the patient, and are not psychotic, however I disagree with the idea that the training they provide (which is 2, 6-hour sessions) is enough to be proficient. And even if it WAS enough training, my opinion is that it wouldn't be effective even if one WAS an expert with years of experience in many crisis situations. (qualifier: I'm a black-belt level Jiu Jitsu, Mixed Martial Artist with years of self-defense training) Essentially, I feel as though it guarantees the staff member an injury...eventually.

Situation that makes me post this:

We had a tech fired for blocking a patient's arm using an open hand out-ward block. We all saw it, we all described it accurately to the investigative team. The patient bloodied the nose of the tech, and the tech NEVER used an offensive-based maneuver, just the block.

QUESTION for you all:

Is this the way it is at your facility? Are you state-run or private? Is this overly-progressive in your opinion? Please share you thoughts and experiences!

Specializes in Psych.

Thanks for your posting. I want to offer some comments because I see nowadays in our specialty a lot of chaff mixed with the wheat and a lot of wolf wearing lambskin.

First red flag: "we have physical altercations often". There is a nationwide standardized JACHO recognized intervention tool called CPI for prevention of assaultive behavior. I'm sure everyone knows this. 90% is dedicated to verbal, psychological de-escalation interventions, 10% is for physical interventions. You said in your bolded caveat that there is an assumption that all verbal, early interventions are exhausted prior to crises events. Fair enough but I see something incongruent here. A milieu cannot have frequent physical altercations when skillful therapeutic techniques are used extensively, to exhaustion, unless a large percentage of your patients are high on PCP or amphetamines. If I were troubleshooting I'd look for opportunities to hone verbal interventions. Timing, tone, context are all crucial to verbal communication. In many years of diversified experience I've found that what we, staff in general, think of therapeutic verbal de-escalation has often little if any therapeutic value. It is impossible to be therapeutic while our mindset is such that we believe all along that we are the ones being wronged, abused or inconvenienced. It is impossible to be effective if we carry in our minds dehumanizing images of patients as dangerous, abusive,irrational, unworthy, filthy, "not-like-us" individuals. Whatever the case might be. I, personally, always look first and foremost at what kind of pain both psychic and physical the patient might have. I am always mindful that pain for psych patients is often under the threshold of awareness because of other competing internal stimuli. Given those circumstances can we reasonably expect patients to interpret correctly the other set of stimulus, the external stimuli that we are sending? How many times have we seen staff attempting to provide therapeutic verbal input and rapport in competition with the noise from the TV and other sources of distraction in the milieu? Too many. When we manage to replace fear, contempt and insincerity with genuine positive regard and a humanistic, service-oriented attitude we promote more stable and safer environments for both staff and patients without ever having to think of suing anybody.

Second red flag:CPI physical component perceived ineffectiveness. You are absolutely right. No expert training in any sort of Martial Arts would be beneficial in a crisis if the goal is to resolve it without trauma/injuries to the patient or staff. I say this as a 20 years long student of judo and aikido. The most useful CPI techniques are the verbal interventions when made therapeutically and timely (this means with anticipation, preemption and purpose) and the evasive footwork until a sufficiently impressive response team is present. I believe that almost every physical intervention results from a failure in communication. The challenge for me is to identify its causes (poor skills, understaffing, demotivation, biases?) and make a honest effort to fix them.

For those of us who entertain the misattributed notion of victimhood I recommend we research the history of mental health and medidate on the complicit role that doctors and nurses have traditionally taken in the institutionalized torture and abuse of persons with mental illness. Maybe you are very young and think it's all in the past. Think again.

Kind Regards.

As a nurse who's recently gone back to psych (my true love), I was totally taken aback by the type of training my state psych facility provides.

I'm a patient-first advocate, and always concerned for what's right for patients. Patient's should never receive any form of abuse. However, I feel there's a balance between patient's rights and the rights of the staff to be safe and free from abuse. At my facility (which is a state-run facility) I feel as though they've completely sacrificed the rights of the nurse and techs in favor of the rights of the patient.

I want to preface this with the understanding that we are assuming all verbal therapeutic communication, and early interventions are exhausted prior to crisis events.

Case in point:

Blocking a punch in any way if it's directed outward from the body (as happens in any karate tournament, 99% of the time without injury) is considered abuse as it MAY injure the patient's striking arm. There is a difference between assaulting a patient with a punch and a block, however the state does not recognize this difference. To me, this is extreme.

2nd issue:

Our state does not provide security personell for interventions. In Colorado, we had a designated security team trained in detaining, restraining, physical and mechanical restraints. BOTH staff and security would intervene and answer distress signals. (Mech restraints were the responsibility of the nurse ONLY, but they were still trained in application) This was back in 2005.

In my current state, there is no provision for security, and the staff is to intervene in any and all crisis situations. My unit is VERY acute, and we have physical altercations often.

Again, I'm all for "balance". I understand that we are not the patient, and are not psychotic, however I disagree with the idea that the training they provide (which is 2, 6-hour sessions) is enough to be proficient. And even if it WAS enough training, my opinion is that it wouldn't be effective even if one WAS an expert with years of experience in many crisis situations. (qualifier: I'm a black-belt level Jiu Jitsu, Mixed Martial Artist with years of self-defense training) Essentially, I feel as though it guarantees the staff member an injury...eventually.

Situation that makes me post this:

We had a tech fired for blocking a patient's arm using an open hand out-ward block. We all saw it, we all described it accurately to the investigative team. The patient bloodied the nose of the tech, and the tech NEVER used an offensive-based maneuver, just the block.

QUESTION for you all:

Is this the way it is at your facility? Are you state-run or private? Is this overly-progressive in your opinion? Please share you thoughts and experiences!

Specializes in Home Health, SNF,Psychiatric, Prison,.

I worked at a VA hospital for 12 yrs, 5 on psych unit. We were taught to defend ourselves and not injure the pt, we also had a code red response specifically taught pt takedowns and defense that specifically kept the pt safe. Also, staff have been injured by pt's and sued the pt's, with unions help.

Specializes in Psychiatric Nursing.

I like what alpha-sierra said above--about 90% of interventions being verbal...there should be a culture of non-violence, a culture of negotiation with patients, a culture of supporting patients needs/ Violence should be an aberration and taken seriously by leadership that there has been a failure of communication. and...staff should not get hurt. and when there is violence it is dealt with safely....

As a nurse who's recently gone back to psych (my true love), I was totally taken aback by the type of training my state psych facility provides. I'm a patient-first advocate, and always concerned for what's right for patients. Patient's should never receive any form of abuse. However, I feel there's a balance between patient's rights and the rights of the staff to be safe and free from abuse. At my facility (which is a state-run facility) I feel as though they've completely sacrificed the rights of the nurse and techs in favor of the rights of the patient. I want to preface this with the understanding that we are assuming all verbal therapeutic communication, and early interventions are exhausted prior to crisis events.Case in point:Blocking a punch in any way if it's directed outward from the body (as happens in any karate tournament, 99% of the time without injury) is considered abuse as it MAY injure the patient's striking arm. There is a difference between assaulting a patient with a punch and a block, however the state does not recognize this difference. To me, this is extreme. 2nd issue: Our state does not provide security personell for interventions. In Colorado, we had a designated security team trained in detaining, restraining, physical and mechanical restraints. BOTH staff and security would intervene and answer distress signals. (Mech restraints were the responsibility of the nurse ONLY, but they were still trained in application) This was back in 2005.In my current state, there is no provision for security, and the staff is to intervene in any and all crisis situations. My unit is VERY acute, and we have physical altercations often. Again, I'm all for "balance". I understand that we are not the patient, and are not psychotic, however I disagree with the idea that the training they provide (which is 2, 6-hour sessions) is enough to be proficient. And even if it WAS enough training, my opinion is that it wouldn't be effective even if one WAS an expert with years of experience in many crisis situations. (qualifier: I'm a black-belt level Jiu Jitsu, Mixed Martial Artist with years of self-defense training) Essentially, I feel as though it guarantees the staff member an injury...eventually. Situation that makes me post this:We had a tech fired for blocking a patient's arm using an open hand out-ward block. We all saw it, we all described it accurately to the investigative team. The patient bloodied the nose of the tech, and the tech NEVER used an offensive-based maneuver, just the block. QUESTION for you all:Is this the way it is at your facility? Are you state-run or private? Is this overly-progressive in your opinion? Please share you thoughts and experiences!
I've worked inpatient Psych for twelve years, generally on the most acute units in our all-Psych facility. Many confrontations with violent patients over the years, but never injured. I've learned a few things : always work on strong rapport, with everyone : you build a reputation with patients and they listen more often, enough to make it worth your while. Show no emotion, speak slow. And clear. We have private security but mostly rely on staff coming from other units - I call early and often, and it ends up we need less force, as I give options with consequences - go here, take this or this will happen, time limit, go. Many folks back down, many at the last minute, and I then defer restraints, give Medication PO - very clear it's IM unless I'm convinced it's taken. Whenever you can avoid force, you gain a better working relationship, no grudge. As soon as thru back down, no hard feelings,judy monitoring as needed, backing off ASAP - whole unit learns you're good to them if they play safe, and the alternative is no fun. Most staff I've seen get hurt (many) took too many chances, tried to be a hero. You need to learn movements that are allowed in your culture - I too took martial arts, mostly used it to position self well, dodge, soft block - defections really, open hand, stay to pts side, stay on top of unit & team so they know what I want fast & we see problems coming. I can't speak to your unit - not there - but I've seen acuity vary wildly shift to shift based on different staff approaches. As I've gotten better at it, same patients get violent less, and most emergencies that used to go violent don't - not all, but much better. When you assume violence is inevitable or avoidable, either way you greatly influence the odds in favor of your expectations. I've even learned to pretend I'm fearless when I'm surely not - it helps. You can't change others nearly as much as you can yourself, so that's where I focus -learning how to become accepted by patients & staff as a trusted respected leader - its more possible than most people think.

I am a psychiatric nurse educator in a not for profit hospital. Our psych unit is stand alone and we have no specially trained security, just your regular outsourced security staff. Only one on at a time generally. They will come and back us up if needed but the nursing staff is pretty much on their own and must do the take downs. The acuity is high, we are much like a county facility and have an intensive care unit where we try VERY HARD not to seclude or restrain people; as a matter of fact, we try so hard, sometimes we let it go too long before we use s/r.

New orientees are taught basic self defense techniques and blocking and what we must avoid (sitting on chest for instance) and what we must do (protect patient head, etc) and that" hands on" is the last resort. If the patient is psychotic and small enough to handle, we will do our own take downs but we have a problem with anti social types who come in and do nothing but threaten lives, etc and have the capacity to really hurt someone (and are focused on that). We don't have enough staff to handle that and NO ONE should be expected to put themselves in harms way.

In those cases, we WILL all the police. We will not risk more injury than necessary and our staff have pressed charges on patients who were more behavioral than psychotic and have caused injury intentionally. When a patient has been nothing but overtly threatening (consistently) or has already damaged property or injured someone, they will sometimes be taken to jail. Sometimes they are simply put in restraints with assistance of the police.

Our manager stands behind us although upper leadership isn't happy about it. It is a person's RIGHT to press charges when they feel the assault is intentional, mental illness or not. Several of our RNs and assistive staff have been permanently injured by patient assaults.

In NO WAY are we expected to be punching bags. By the way, MOST of our patients aren't ANYTHING like that (violent).

In my state, (Pennsylvania), it is a felony to assult a health care worker. Our doctors advocate for staff safety and encourage staff to press charges if assulted by a patient. We can certainly block a punch to protect ourselves from injury. A patient can just as easily injure their hand from punching staff in the mouth as they can from staff blocking the punch. Here is a list of state statues addressing patients assulting health care workers.

http://www.ena.org/IENR/Documents/State%20Survey%20-%20Criminal%20Laws%20-%20Misdemeanor%20and%20Felony.pdf

Pam

For those of you that hold martial art belts and extensive experience, do you wonder if your response to a patient altercation. While even docile, would be trumped into something more because of your known fighting ability?

Specializes in Psych.

My hospital is 46 beds and that includes adults and C&A. We have training on therapeutic interventions every 6 months. Obviously verbal de escalation is stressed, but we do learn hands on maneuvers. We don't have specific security, but we can call staff from any part of the building if needed. The Sheriff's office is the last resort. Our physical safety is a priority, and we are taught how to deflect punches, grabs, choking, hair pulling and biting. Usually we can verbally de escalate adults, or at the very least escort them to the quiet room without much fanfare and we do give IMs. Honestly, its the younger kids we have to go hands on with much more frequently, and you are way more likely to get hit, kicked, bitten, or spit on by one of the younger kids rather than an adult.

Specializes in General Med/Surg.

I have many years of psych RN experience in all types of settings. Here is my take on the whole topic: I firmly believe in non-violent approaches for psych inpatient. Wow, how novel! The delivery of psychiatric care and treatment is changing; rather than being violent and dehumanizing, it will eventually be humanizing and healing.

There will come a time when we look back at how, in 2013, we still strapped down patients in 4-point restraints, locked them up in solitary confinement for their "time out", and allowed ourselves as nurses to engage in assault and battery with our patients. (And ECT? It will be a thing of the past, and we'll compare it to insulin shock therapy, right up there with a good old Jack Nicholson lobotomy.)

My opinion, for whatever that's worth. Meanwhile, stay safe!

-jc

Specializes in Psych.
I have many years of psych RN experience in all types of settings. Here is my take on the whole topic: I firmly believe in non-violent approaches for psych inpatient. Wow, how novel! The delivery of psychiatric care and treatment is changing; rather than being violent and dehumanizing, it will eventually be humanizing and healing.

There will come a time when we look back at how, in 2013, we still strapped down patients in 4-point restraints, locked them up in solitary confinement for their "time out", and allowed ourselves as nurses to engage in assault and battery with our patients. (And ECT? It will be a thing of the past, and we'll compare it to insulin shock therapy, right up there with a good old Jack Nicholson lobotomy.)

My opinion, for whatever that's worth. Meanwhile, stay safe!

-jc

Sorry, gotta disagree with the ECT thing. ECT has its place and its therapeutic value has been proven many times. My facility does ECT and I have seen for myself how well it works when nothing else does, and its actually safer than some of the meds we hand out.

There will come a time when we look back at how, in 2013, we still strapped down patients in 4-point restraints, locked them up in solitary confinement for their "time out", and allowed ourselves as nurses to engage in assault and battery with our patients. (And ECT? It will be a thing of the past, and we'll compare it to insulin shock therapy, right up there with a good old Jack Nicholson lobotomy.)

ECT is a safe, effective, and valuable treatment modality. I've seen it help many people over the years who were not helped by medication. If, God forbid, I ever found myself having to make a choice about treatments, I would happily take ECT before I'd take a lot of the psych meds we give people routinely.

And seclusion and restraint are (correctly, IMO) considered less restrictive and intrusive interventions than emergency medications. Again, I would prefer to be restrained or secluded rather than injected with an antipsychotic. Once in a while, people do need to be kept from harming themselves or others, and, once you let someone out of restraints or seclusion, it's over. The antipsychotic medications stay in your system for hours to days.

I see a bit of ECT. I have seen it at its worst (almost used punitively in cases where the research for its efficacy seems tenuous at best) and I have also seen it at its best, especially with geriatric depressions and major depressive disorder with psychotic features. I used to think of it as barbarous before I saw it done and held a patient's hand before they went under anesthesia. Seeing their progress over the course of their treatment made me a believer, so long as the evidence supports its use. I have also seen it seriously mess people up in terms of exacerbating or creating memory issues or throwing people into cardiac or respiratory issues.

I HATE putting people in locked seclusion. I HATE IM "chemical restraints". I HATE having to restrain people in four-point restraints. And I do it all the time, because as much as I hate those things I also care about their safety, the safety of my coworkers and the safety of other patients has to come first. There are certainly situations wherein a patient cannot be controlled, placated or cowed by therapeutic rapport, verbal de-escalation techniques, or simple avoidance. Anybody who believes otherwise has never worked with an acute psychiatric population. I would strongly encourage those people (I believe everybody should be a server and work on an acute or gero psych unit once in their life for humility's sake) to give it a shot for a few months.

I've seen lobotomies too, they don't do them for psych anymore but for seizure disorders...trust me, for some people what you may consider the most invasive and off-putting measures may be all they can do in hopes of something resembling an acceptable quality of life for themselves.

I would agree with the previous poster...I would much prefer an ECT trial over medications with the types of long term side-effects psych meds give. Sedatives...not so much. I have seen many, many patients act out in HOPES and straight-up demand or request benzos...that's a problem in of itself. EPS, Tardive, weight gain...no thank you. Still...all of those things may trump command hallucinations or a crushing and debilitating depression. I have no frame of reference and god-willing never will.

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