OK I know this sounds stupid but I have a friend that gets really freaked out before big tests like finals, HESI, NCLEX, and usually we get together and a few days before I start throwing out random facts at her. On 2 different tests she said the only way she got several questions was from the random facts that I threw at her that she never would have thought of!
SOOOOO..... I thought that if yall wanted to do this we could get a thread going and try to throw out 5 random facts or "things to remember". NCLEX is coming and the more I try to review content the more I realize that I have forgotten so......here are my 5 random facts for ya:
OH and BTW these came from rationales in Kaplan or Saunders no made up stuff:
1️⃣ A kid with Hepatitis A can return to school 1 week within the onset of jaundice.
2️⃣ After a patient has dialysis they may have a slight fever...this is normal due to the fact that the dialysis solution is warmed by the machine.
3️⃣ Hyperkalemia presents on an EKG as tall peaked T-waves
4️⃣ The antidote for Mag Sulfate toxicity is ---Calcium Gluconate
5️⃣ Impetigo is a CONTAGEOUS skin disorder and the person needs to wash ALL linens and dishes seperate from the family. They also need to wash their hands frequently and avoid contact.
Oh, ohh, one more...
? Vasopressin is also known as antidiuretic hormone
atropine - cyclopegic - temporary paralysis of the muscles of accommodation to maintain pupillary dilatation.
exopthalmos - fluid and fat accumulation in the areas behind the eyeballs forces the eyes forward, out of their sockets.
siadh – d/t extracellular fluid expansion, serum osmolality decreases; sodium levels decline (as a result of being diluted), leading to hyponatremia.
cold insulin - increases tissue hypertrophy; all extra bottles may be stored in the refrigerator, but the bottle currently being used should remain at room temperature, and the insulin should be injected at room temperature.
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm), or type 2 diabetes, - is due to insulin resistance, insulin deficiency, and inappropriate glucose production by the liver
rai uptake -increases in hyperthyroidism and decreases in hypothyroidism
diabetic foot care -no foot soaks; macerate the skin and can increase the risk of breaks in the skin.
diabetes - leading cause of end-stage renal disease (esrd), the result of chronic kidney disease; in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the first sign of deteriorating kidney function is the presence of small amounts of albumin in the urine, a condition called microalbuminuria
addisonian crisis – an acute episode adrenal insufficiency, which can be a life-threatening emergency; weakness, often accompanied by pain in the back, abdomen, or legs, along with severe manifestations of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency including hypotension (particularly postural), tachycardia, dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hyperpyrexia, and confusion
immed post-op of diabetic clients - the blood sugar frequently fluctuates, therefore, insulin sliding scale is used
post ablation therapy (rai) - it frequently takes several weeks before the production of thyroid is sufficiently decreased for the blood pressure to return to normal so that beta adrenergic blockers are used to maintain the client’s blood pressure and pulse rate until the rai has sufficiently decreased the output of the thyroid hormone.
regular insulin (a short-acting insulin)peaks in 2 to 4 hours
nph insulin (an intermediate-acting insulin) peaks in 6 to 12 hours.
metformin (glucophage) - taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal effects; adverse effects are abdominal bloating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and an unpleasant metallic taste
atropine - cyclopegic - temporary paralysis of the muscles of accommodation to maintain pupillary dilatation.
exopthalmos - fluid and fat accumulation in the areas behind the eyeballs forces the eyes forward, out of their sockets.
siadh - d/t extracellular fluid expansion, serum osmolality decreases; sodium levels decline (as a result of being diluted), leading to hyponatremia.
cold insulin - increases tissue hypertrophy; all extra bottles may be stored in the refrigerator, but the bottle currently being used should remain at room temperature, and the insulin should be injected at room temperature.
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm), or type 2 diabetes, - is due to insulin resistance, insulin deficiency, and inappropriate glucose production by the liver
rai uptake -increases in hyperthyroidism and decreases in hypothyroidism
diabetic foot care -no foot soaks; macerate the skin and can increase the risk of breaks in the skin.
diabetes - leading cause of end-stage renal disease (esrd), the result of chronic kidney disease; in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the first sign of deteriorating kidney function is the presence of small amounts of albumin in the urine, a condition called microalbuminuria
addisonian crisis - an acute episode adrenal insufficiency, which can be a life-threatening emergency; weakness, often accompanied by pain in the back, abdomen, or legs, along with severe manifestations of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiency including hypotension (particularly postural), tachycardia, dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hyperpyrexia, and confusion
immed post-op of diabetic clients - the blood sugar frequently fluctuates, therefore, insulin sliding scale is used
post ablation therapy (rai) - it frequently takes several weeks before the production of thyroid is sufficiently decreased for the blood pressure to return to normal so that beta adrenergic blockers are used to maintain the client's blood pressure and pulse rate until the rai has sufficiently decreased the output of the thyroid hormone.
regular insulin (a short-acting insulin)peaks in 2 to 4 hours
nph insulin (an intermediate-acting insulin) peaks in 6 to 12 hours.
metformin (glucophage) - taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal effects; adverse effects are abdominal bloating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and an unpleasant metallic taste
7 days to go...
:typing
dear isobelle5287,
best wishes to you, and may you progressively gain peace of mind as the day of your test approaches, may gain confidence on yourself and the skills you've been developing while preparing for the nclex. may you be in total control, knowing what you doing and in total command of the subjects you will be tested on while taking the nclex. may you have fun with it and pass it with flying colors. amen. :yeah:feliz3
Diabetes Insipidus = Disease is due to lack of secretion of hormone pitressin from the pituitary gland, and it is not related at all with Diabetes Mellitus or Diabetes II (Non-insulin dependent diabetes).
signs/Sx
1) polyuria: massive quantities of urine output
2) dry skin
3) dehydration
4) low specific gravity
5) low urine osmolality
Specific gravity= a measure of the kidneys ability to concentrate urine
Normal value: 1.02-1.03. A low specific gravity
means the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine
which means electrolytes which should be reabsorved
by the kidney tubules are going down with the massive
water loss that is characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus.
Osmolality = the number of osmotically active particles per kilogram of water. Normal serum osmolality: 270-300 mOsm/kg of water
Management:
1) carefully watch I/O daily
2) watch for lab values Specific gravity & osmolality
Diabetes Insipidus = Disease is due to lack of secretion of hormone pitressin from the pituitary gland, and it is not related at all with Diabetes Mellitus or Diabetes II (Non-insulin dependent diabetes).
signs/Sx
1) polyuria: massive quantities of urine output
2) dry skin
3) dehydration
4) low specific gravity
5) low urine osmolality
Specific gravity= a measure of the kidneys ability to concentrate urine
Normal value: 1.02-1.03. A low specific gravity
means the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine
which means electrolytes which should be reabsorved
by the kidney tubules are going down with the massive
water loss that is characteristic of Diabetes Insipidus.
Osmolality = the number of osmotically active particles per kilogram of water. Normal serum osmolality: 270-300 mOsm/kg of water
Management:
1) carefully watch I/O daily
2) watch for lab values Specific gravity & osmolality
3) rehydrate
4) treat pituitary hormone
Best, feliz3
Hi Feliz3,
This is really great I'm learning alot... keep it up girl:)
I will try and write something tonight befor eI go to bed. I'm just resting as I just got back from work GOD BLESS...
SARCOIDOSIS - is a multisystem, granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. It may involve almost any organ or tissue but most commonly involves the
LUNGS, LYMPH NODES, SKIN
SPLEEN, CNS , EYES,
FINGERS and PAROTID GLANDS.
NOTE: A hallmark of this dse is its insidious onset and lack of prominent clinical signs and symptoms. The clinical picture depends on the systems involved.
Generalized symptoms may include:
- anorexia
- fatigue
- weight loss
- uveitis
- joint pain
- fever
- granulomatous lesions of the skin, liver, spleen,
kidney and CNS.
With Pulmonay involvemet the S/S may include:
- dyspnea
- cough
- hemoptysis
- congestion
Assessment and Diagnostic findings:
Chest x-rays and CT scans are used to assess
pulmonary adenopathy.
Management:
- Many pts undergo remission w/o specific Tx.
- Corticosteroid therapy may benefit some pts because of the anti infammatory effects which relieves symptoms and improves organ function.
SILICOSIS - is a chronic fibrotic pulmonary dse caused by inhalation of silica dust (crystalline silicon dioxide particles).
Exposure to silica and silicates occurs in almost all mining , quarrying and tunneling operations.
S/S - hypoxemia
- severe airflow obstruction
- right sided :redbeathe failure
- edema may occur because of the cardiac failure
Management:
- Theres is no specific Tx for silicosis, because the fibrotic process in the lung is irreversible.
- Supportive therapy is directed at managing complications and preventing infection.
- Testing is performed to rule out other lung dses like TB,
LUNG CANCER AND SARCOIDOSIS.
Note: If TB is present , it is agressively treated and additional therapy might include OXYGEN, DIURETICS, INHALED BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, ANTICHOLINERGICS, and
BRONCHODILATOR THERAPY.
TEACHING PTS SELF-CARE FOR CARDIAC PT's
The most effective way to increase the probability that the pt will comply with self-care regimen after discharge is to provide adequate education about the dse process and to facilitate the pt's involvement with the cardiac rehabilitation program.
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
- experiences relief of pain
- shows no signs of respiratory difficulties
- maintains adequate tissue perfusion
- is less anxious
- complies with self care program
- avoids complications
NIGHT NIGHT GUYS:yawn:
Hi Feliz3,
Thanks alot for the bunch of flowers:redbeathe:D:redbeathe see you again maybe tomorrow... GOD BLESS :heartbeat:heartbeat:heartbeat
Ketones are a byproduct of fat metabolism. When this process occurs to an extreme, the resulting condition is called ketoacidosis.
Common manifestations of Addison's disease include postural hypotension from fluid loss, syncope, muscle weakness, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps, weight loss, depression, and irritability.
The normal reference values for the oral glucose tolerance test are less than 140 mg/dL at 120 minutes; less than 200 mg/dL at 30, 60, and 90 minutes; and less than 115 mg/dL in the fasting state.
Amenorrhea or a decreased menstrual flow occurs in the client with Graves' disease.
levothyroxine (synthroid) – toxicity include cardiovascular collapse, dysrhythmias, and tachycardias; should not to take the medication if pulse is greater than 100 beats/min and to notify their physician of headaches, nervousness, chest pain, palpitations, or any unusual symptoms.
glipizide (glucotrol) - sulfonylureas reduce the blood glucose level by stimulating insulin release from the pancreas.
ptu – (for hyperthyroidism) report fever, sore throat which are earliest indications of agranulocytosis; most serious toxic effect of the medication.
addison’s disease - should always wear a medical alert id bracelet and should carry an emergency kit, which should include 100 mg of im dexamethasone and directions for its injection; the physician’s phone number; and the client’s diagnosis and medication schedule
sliding scale - with the blood sugar level at 200 mg/dl, no additional regular insulin needs to be given.
thyrotoxic crisis, or thyroid storm - an acute condition that can be life threatening; treated with high doses of potassium iodide or strong iodine solution, which inhibits the synthesis of triiodothyronine and thyroxine (t3 & t4) and blocks the release of these hormones in the circulation
somatrem (protropin) – growth hormone; given at bedtime
vitamin d toxicity - nausea, vomiting, poor appetite, constipation, weakness, and weight loss; raises blood levels of calcium, causing mental status changes such as confusion.
glyburide (micronase) – is a second-generation sulfonylurea whose primary action is to stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells
according to the american diabetic association, it is acceptable practice to reuse disposable needles and syringes.
rapid-acting insulins - lispro (humalog) and insulin aspart (novolog), - usually administered within 15 minutes of beginning a meal.
glipizide (glucotrol) – sulfonylureas; may increase sensitivity to sunlight, resulting in sunburn.; wear sunscreen and to avoid excessive exposure to sunlight
intermediate-acting insulin - lente, should be given 30 to 60 minutes before a meal.
uptake of fat soluble vitamins - decreased in children with cystic fibrosis.
digoxin - increases ventricular irritability and increases the risk of ventricular fibrillation following cardioversion.
chlamydial infections - one of the most frequent causes of salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease.
leaking cuff on et tube - a leak in the cuff would allow air to pass through the trachea and vocal cords, allowing the client to make a noise — to speak.
major purpose of oxygen therapy is to decrease the workload of the heart in clients with chronic pulmonary diseases and to assist in preventing right heart failure.
croup - causes upper airway obstruction, inspiratory stridor is a predominant symptom.
autosomal recessive inheritance pattern occurs with cystic fibrosis; parents are not affected, but each parent carries the trait; there is a 25% chance that with each pregnancy the child will have the condition.
flail chest care - turning, coughing, and deep breathing represent the most appropriate airway care.
acute asthma attack - doing a slow, prolonged exhalation will allow the client to exhale a greater volume and this will facilitate increased oxygenation.
cf diet modification - the lack of pancreatic enzymes leads to malabsorption of fats and therefore deficits of the fat-soluble vitamins; these vitamins are administered to the client in a water-soluble form.
clavicle puffy and “crackling”noise upon palpation - after thoracic trauma, air in the pleural space (pneumothorax) dissects through soft tissue, causing subcutaneous emphysema; air in the tissues causes the crackling noise.
paradoxical respirations may occur with multiple rib fractures.
OK, this is another short one, dear friends, ... it is about the Assessment of Thyroid Gland Dysfunction:
Hyperthyroidism:
increased body metabolism
nervousness/restlessness
tachycardia HR >100 bpm and bounding heart sounds
increased blood pressure
reduced vital capacity
skin warm, moist, and smooth
hair fine, nails soft
weakness and fatigue
demineralization of the bones
hypercalcemia---if calcium is high what do you think would be phosphorous level?
brisk reflexes
increased appetite and weight loss
muscle wasting
diabetes worsens
increased stools
increased libido
decreased fertility-no period for women
higher body temperature
exosphtalmus (bug out eyes)--- Graves Disease is a result of hyperthyroidism
Thyroidectomy: Removal of a hyperactive thyroid gland
post-op critical for patient may BLEED
often blood collects behind the neck being pulled by gravity if the patient is lying on his/her back
place patient in semi-Fowler's position for avoiding tensionon the suture line
assess airway due to potential swelling from the wound
vocal chords may be swollen
assess frequently for noisy breathing and increased restlessness---very important
assess for vocal changes: increased hoorificeness--may be indicative of laryngeal edema
assess for normal wound healing--avoid infection
Note: A patient with this type of surgery gets into trouble, he/she can lose the airway fast. Have a TRACHEOTOMY SET readily available for opening the airway,pronto. Swelling occludes the airway, so frequent assessment for that is a must.
Lab value that must be watched carefully:
a) calcium levels--parathyroids glands may have been accidentally removed with the thyroid. As you know, parathyroid glands help in maintaining the blood calcium concentration, low levels of calcium will trigger another medical emergency. Therefore, it is necessary to have calcium gluconate readily available in case the serum calcium level goes below its normal limits. Best, feliz3
keep it up girl:)
GOD BLESS...
feliz3
382 Posts
This one is going to be short and sweet for I am preparing for Susanne's plan which is actually quite good...I am having fun with it. feliz3
Scale measuring Pulse Strength:
0 = Absent
1+ = Pulse is diminished, barely palpable, easily to obliterate
2+ = Easily palpable, normal pulse
3+ = Full pulse, incresed
4+ = Strong, bounding pulse, cannot be obliterated
Lung conditions and Expected Sounds:
Type: Description:
Pneumonia & consolidation = Broncovesicular or bronchial breaths
sounds over the affected area. Rales
may be present on late inspiration.
Rales/crackles = Discontinuous
bubbling noises heard on auscultation
of the lungs during inspiration.
Pneumothorax = Decreased or absent breaths sounds.
No adventitious sounds present.
Adventitious sounds = a breath sound that s not
normally heard such as a rale/crackle, gurgle or a
wheeze. It may be superimposed on normal breaths
sounds.
Tumor = Decreased or absent breath sounds over an area
the lungs.
Emphysema = Bronchial breaths sounds with prolonged expiration and
and decreased intensity. Fine rales often present during
late inspiration; occasional rhonchi.
Rhonchi = an abnormal sound heard during the
auscultation of an airway obstructed by thick secretions,
muscular spasm, neoplasm (abnormal cell growth) or
external pressure. This is like a continuous rumbling
sounds which are more pronounced during expiration and
clears on coughing. The person with emphysema coughs
a lot an easily get out of air.
Pleural effusion = Decreased or absent breaths sounds. A pleural friction
rub may be heard.
Pleural friction rub = pleuropericardial rub
An abnormal coorifice, grating sound heard on
auscultation of the lungs during late inspiration and
early expiration.
Asthma = Broncovesicular breaths sounds. Wheezes or sibilant rhonchi
usually present.
Atelectasis = Vesicular breaths sounds. rales may be heard in late
inspirations.
Bronchitis = Vesicualr breaths sounds. Rales and sibilant rhonchi
(wheezes) present.
Best, feliz3