Reinforcing a Perception of Reality

Specialties Psychiatric

Published

There was a Discussion here back some time ago on Feeding into a Patient's Delusion in order to decrease anxiety or de-esculate a Behavior. Although not Texbook, many Nurses have utilized this Technique successfully.

Take, for example, a Geriatric Patient who wakes in the Night, is Anxious, and wants to know "Where's my Mother?!" The Patient is informed that her Mother is "taken care of". This Perceptual Statement of Fact decreases the Patient's anxiety and allows her to go back to sleep.

Reality Orientation, for example, by telling the Patient that her Mother passed away long ago, would only serve to increase her Confusion and Anxiety. And, it would not be an Untruth to inform the Patient that her Mother is taken care of, for wherever her Mother may be, she is being taken care of.

At a Mandatory Inservice recently, a Co-Worker and I were in a Group together from our Gero-Psych Unit. All the Groups where asked to list Alternative Methods to Mechanical Restraints. Among other Techniques, I named "Feed into the Patient's Delusion". My Co-Worker asked me to Rephrase the Concept, so I said, "Reinforce the Patient's Perception of Reality". The Concept was Generally Accepted by those present.

Recently, on a MN Shift, I experienced yet another Situation to implement this Concept. A Patient would wake up, get out of her bed, stand at her door, and loudly Sling Insults. "You are Stupid!" she would shout. "I could be smarter", I replied. "You don't know your *** from a hole in the ground!" she said. "I have to admit, I don't", I said. You are a liar!" she accused. "I do tend to embellish and have been told I have a Gift for Fiction", I admitted. You are dirt!" she said. "I am less than dirt", I replied.

This approach gave the Patient no Defensive Comebacks, so the most she could do was to insult me until she ran out of Fuel. And run out of fuel she did. Her Behavior occurred at least Three Times that night and never esculated.

Ever have any Similar Experiences?

Specializes in Hospice, corrections, psychiatry, rehab, LTC.

In the exchange detailed in the opening post, depending upon the patient I might have chosen not to respond at all. By responding, even with a degree of sarcasm, you may be reinforcing the verbally abusive outbursts by the patient. In the case that the patient will engage in this behavior for prolonged periods with or without a response, responses like yours are as good as any.

Specializes in Neuro ICU and Med Surg.

I am starting to experience this with my grandma who lives with me. She is in the beginning stages of dementia. One night she opened the front door ( I have an alarm in case she opens it to prevent wandering), and I got up and asked her what she is doing. One time she told me she was looking for her room, which I redirected her to and she went back to sleep. A few hours later she thought she heard my aunt trying to come in and opened the door. I reminded her that my aunt was at home but was coming later that morning to take her for a doctor appointment. She went back to bed and fell asleep.

She has asked for my grandpa. Later she remembers he has passed away. One day she was convinced he came home from the service and was talking to neighbors. I had her come with me. She left him a note and I just let her do it. Later my mom showed it to her. She couldn't believe she wrote the note. She had no memory of doing so.

She for the most part is doing better, but still she is having some issues. She thankfully has stopped believing someone has used her credit card and will blame it on my brother and that he will go to jail. My mom would go through all her receipts with her and she would still be convinced. We had to have her credit card statement mailed to another family member address so she wouldn't see it and start all over again every month.

When my beautiful godmother died at 81, her husband was bereft in more ways than one. She had kept the checkbook, driven the car, and gotten the Christmas cards out for them for years. (As a matter of fact, she died in late November and I got her card on Dec. 1st, right on time as always ::sniff::).

He had been failing for some time, which became more evident after her death. He used to ask for her, but was so devastated every time someone gently reminded him that she was gone that we all decided not to tell him anymore. So we said that she had stepped out to go to the bank or get her hair done or whatever, and he was perfectly content. When we would go to visit he would say with a smile, "I'm so sorry Ma isn't here to see you. She's gone out to the Square to get her hair done, you know how women are," and we would agree with him and say we would see her later. He never remembered. The quality of mercy is not strained...

This reminds me of a situation I pondered once.

If a very sick / hurt person says to you ''I don't want to die'' And you say ''im not going to let you die''

Is that wrong?

If they don't die then you were right. If they do die they probably won't complain to managment...

Specializes in Psych (25 years), Medical (15 years).


Thank you all for your Responses, Stories, Intervention Examples, Perspectives, Critques, Et Cetera.

It is a Given that we will Intervene with our Patients in the Most Appropriate, Comforting, Reality-Based Method available to us at any Certain Time in dealing with Altered Perceptions of Reality; those which are not Consensual. At times, as Several of your Examples show, we need to Color Outside of the Box and intervene Creatively in order to Achieve a Therapeutic Outome.

Whether we are "Jumping Realities", Utilizing Euphemisms, Attempting or Avoiding Reality Orientation, or merely Decreasing Anxiety with a Method we Hope is Best, the Recipient's Comfort and Welfare is our Paramount Objective.

Thanks again.

Specializes in Psych - Mental Health.
This reminds me of a situation I pondered once.

If a very sick / hurt person says to you ''I don't want to die'' And you say ''im not going to let you die''

Is that wrong?

If they don't die then you were right. If they do die they probably won't complain to managment...

Personally I try never to lie directly or make false promises to patients. In this case I would say something like: "I/We will do everything we can to make sure that doesn't happen / you don't die." In a less acute situation, I might explore their reasons to want to live / survive in order to instill hope.

I wish I had read this before my interview a few weeks ago. Do you ever take the pt out for a walk?

Specializes in Hospice, corrections, psychiatry, rehab, LTC.

When I worked a hospital adult/CD unit we had a companion geropsych unit next door. Their more active patients occasionally came over to our unit for activities. There was an elderly man who was convinced that he was the President of the United States. I could have reoriented him to reality, as is the textbook response, but it was much more reassuring to him for me to simply sit with him and listen to him detail his foreign policy strategy.

On a hospital geropsych unit, we had an elderly female who had her days and nights inverted - not a surprising finding for someone her age with dementia. She kept trying to come into the nurse station, and she would become very agitated when she was not allowed in. I also noticed that she would walk the hallway in the unit and check doors - not as if she were trying to get out of the unit, but to make sure that everything was secured that needed to be. She would then turn back and walk down the hall and peek into each room, never entering or disturbing the patients, as if she were making rounds. A little research showed that she was doing exactly that.

In her younger days, she was a night nurse in a hospital in Sweden. If we took measures to make her feel like she was part of the nursing team, she would be satisfied and then she would go to bed. We no longer had to fight her to get her to lie down.

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