Help needed!

[hopefulUS]

I need help with these 3 questions:

Jaundice is a yellow staining of tissues produced by high blood concentrations of bilirubin. Which of the following is a likely cause of jaundice in adults?

1. Decreased production of HCl in the stomach resulting in a more neutral stomach environment

2. Gallstones that result in blockage of bile excretion.

3. . Lactase deficiency resulting in lactose intolerance.

4. Decreased secretion of amylase by the pancreas.

* Individuals with gastritis are told to avoid foods that stimulate acid secretion and to take antacids. They may also take H2 histamine receptor blockers such as Zantac. Which of the following explains how the fuction of histamine?

1. Histamine reduces the activity of the proton pump (H+/K+)

2. Histamine converts pepsinogen to pepsin.

3. Histamine promotes the release of HCl by parietal cells.

4. Histamine promotes the release of gastrin, which stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCL.

Lactose or milk sugar is hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by which of the following?

1. amylase in saliva

2. HCL in the stomach

3. amylase secreted by the pancreas

4. brush boarder enzymes on the small intestines

Preparing for my final exam

Thank you so much! :bowingpur

[tttt]

ill give it a try:

jaundice caused by obstruction of drainage is termed obstructive jaundice. The inhibition of removal causes a buildup of conjugated bilirubin.

histamine acts on H2 receptors on parietal cells to stimulate gastric acid release. Gastrin is not stimulated by histamine, but rather gastrin stimulates the release of it.

lactose and milk sugars are hydrolysed by lactase, an enzyme of the small intestine.

[TheSquire, DNP, APRN, NP]

ill give it a try:

jaundice caused by obstruction of drainage is termed obstructive jaundice. The inhibition of removal causes a buildup of conjugated bilirubin.

histamine acts on H2 receptors on parietal cells to stimulate gastric acid release. Gastrin is not stimulated by histamine, but rather gastrin stimulates the release of it.

lactose and milk sugars are hydrolysed by lactase, an enzyme of the small intestine.

Or we could NOT go and outright do people's homework for them...

[hopefulUS]

Or we could NOT go and outright do people's homework for them...

This is to prepare for my final and I was confused by those 3 questions, I found the answer for two already but still confused about the histamine one and I thought in a place like this, there would be a lot of intelligent students willing to discuss a topic which they also need to know.

And by the way I've gotten all As in my exams in this class, and no one was there to take the exam with me , I did it all on my own after a lot of studying and YES asking for help when I don't understand something.

good job , you just made yourself look like a total jack ass

[TheSquire, DNP, APRN, NP]

This is to prepare for my final and I was confused by those 3 questions, I found the answer for two already but still confused about the histamine one and I thought in a place like this, there would be a lot of intelligent students willing to discuss a topic which they also need to know.

And by the way I've gotten all As in my exams in this class, and no one was there to take the exam with me , I did it all on my own after a lot of studying and YES asking for help when I don't understand something.

good job , you just made yourself look like a total jack ass

I'm all for helping people through this forum, but outright giving answers does the person asking the questions no good as they did not work through the rationalizations by themselves. The proper initial response to a post like yours is "What do you think the answers are and why?" and not just handing out the answer without effort, thought, and research on the part of the person asking the question.

[hopefulUS]

ill give it a try:

jaundice caused by obstruction of drainage is termed obstructive jaundice. The inhibition of removal causes a buildup of conjugated bilirubin.

histamine acts on H2 receptors on parietal cells to stimulate gastric acid release. Gastrin is not stimulated by histamine, but rather gastrin stimulates the release of it.

lactose and milk sugars are hydrolysed by lactase, an enzyme of the small intestine.

Individuals with gastritis are told to avoid foods that stimulate acid secretion and to take antacids. They may also take H2 histamine receptor blockers such as Zantac. Which of the following explains how the fuction of histamine?

1. Histamine reduces the activity of the proton pump (H+/K+)

2. Histamine converts pepsinogen to pepsin.

3. Histamine promotes the release of HCl by parietal cells.

4. Histamine promotes the release of gastrin, which stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCL.

for this one I know its not 2 or 3. And I see what you mean about gastrin stimulating histamine, not the other way around. Which would leave 1.

But the proton pump in the stomach is responsible for the acidification of the contents. Number # 1 is saying histamine reduces that activity ( lowering gastric acid then..)

If you look at the question is says H2 is a Histamine receptor blocker, so histamine cant reduce proton pump activity because H2 will then cause more gastric acid. My logic is, if it blocks histamine, there will be more proton pump activity so that will not help patients with gastritis.

[hopefulUS]

I'm all for helping people through this forum, but outright giving answers does the person asking the questions no good as they did not work through the rationalizations by themselves. The proper initial response to a post like yours is "What do you think the answers are and why?" and not just handing out the answer without effort, thought, and research on the part of the person asking the question.

Well excuse me,

Let me rephrase it for you then

" What do you think the answers are and WHY?"

Obviously if I put in my post that I'm preparing for my final exam, the answer and no explanation for that reasoning would do not good.

So if you are not willing to help me further understand the question regarding histamine and gastric acid or do not understand yourself then do ignore this post. I have to focus on this and don't have time to convince you of my intentions

[TheSquire, DNP, APRN, NP]

Individuals with gastritis are told to avoid foods that stimulate acid secretion and to take antacids. They may also take H2 histamine receptor blockers such as Zantac. Which of the following explains how the fuction of histamine?

1. Histamine reduces the activity of the proton pump (H+/K+)

2. Histamine converts pepsinogen to pepsin.

3. Histamine promotes the release of HCl by parietal cells.

4. Histamine promotes the release of gastrin, which stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCL.

for this one I know its not 2 or 3. And I see what you mean about gastrin stimulating histamine, not the other way around. Which would leave 1.

But the proton pump in the stomach is responsible for the acidification of the contents. Number # 1 is saying histamine reduces that activity ( lowering gastric acid then..)

If you look at the question is says H2 is a Histamine receptor blocker, so histamine can't reduce proton pump activity because H2 will then cause more gastric acid. My logic is, if it blocks histamine, there will be more proton pump activity so that will not help patients with gastritis.

You're misreading the question, and have discarded the correct answer to boot. H2 is a type of histamine receptor which is blocked by drugs like Zantac (ranitidine). (H1 is the other major type of histamine receptor, it's blocked by benadryl, zyrtec, claritin, and other drugs that people commonly think of when the word 'antihistamine' is used). Also, remember what part of the autonomic nervous system histamine is a neurotransmitter for. Since you now know that Zantac is sitting in the receptor, blocking the histamine from doing its thing, what do you think histamine's action is?

Please note that I'm being helpful now even though you're throwing a fit. Chill out.

[marshpit23]

ill give it a try:

jaundice caused by obstruction of drainage is termed obstructive jaundice. The inhibition of removal causes a buildup of conjugated bilirubin.

histamine acts on H2 receptors on parietal cells to stimulate gastric acid release. Gastrin is not stimulated by histamine, but rather gastrin stimulates the release of it.

lactose and milk sugars are hydrolysed by lactase, an enzyme of the small intestine.

Great answers...even better explanations! I'm a soon to be nursing student (hopefully). I actually did pretty well answering the questions; however, it was your explanations that really made it easy to understand.

[hopefulUS]

you're misreading the question, and have discarded the correct answer to boot. h2 is a type of histamine receptor which is blocked by drugs like zantac (ranitidine). (h1 is the other major type of histamine receptor, it's blocked by benadryl, zyrtec, claritin, and other drugs that people commonly think of when the word 'antihistamine' is used). also, remember what part of the autonomic nervous system histamine is a neurotransmitter for. since you now know that zantac is sitting in the receptor, blocking the histamine from doing its thing, what do you think histamine's action is?

please note that i'm being helpful now even though you're throwing a fit. chill out.

sorry about that i'm just a bit stressed out, i had to be away from school for almost two weeks and now i have to prepare for a 9 chapter final. i did really good in the midterm (100) and i don't want to mess things up now.

ok so

- zantac blocks h2

- h2 stimulates gastric acid secretion

what i know about histamine:

-stimuli for secretion are ach and gastrin (gastrin stimulates histamine, histamine does not stimulate the release of gastrin)

- histamine stimulates parietal cells

- parietal cells secret hydrochloric acid (hcl)

so here are the choices and what i think of them:

1. histamine reduces the activity of the proton pump (h+/k+)

the proton pump is responsible for acidification

2. histamine converts pepsinogen to pepsin.

wrong

3. histamine promotes the release of hcl by parietal cells.

histamine stimulates parietal cells which in turn secrete hcl. i thought this was the answer but when i put it it tells me its wrong.

4. histamine promotes the release of gastrin, which stimulates parietal cells to secrete hcl.

gastrin promotes the release of histamine, which in turn stimulates the parietal cells which secrete hcl.

[TheSquire, DNP, APRN, NP]

Everything I've looked up tells me that 3's your answer. If you're using review materials that came with your course materials, send an email off to your instructor with your reasoning and textbook citations for you answer, asking if you're missing something or if the book/cd is wrong (which it occasionally is).

[MeganS]

You're misreading the question, and have discarded the correct answer to boot. H2 is a type of histamine receptor which is blocked by drugs like Zantac (ranitidine). (H1 is the other major type of histamine receptor, it's blocked by benadryl, zyrtec, claritin, and other drugs that people commonly think of when the word 'antihistamine' is used). Also, remember what part of the autonomic nervous system histamine is a neurotransmitter for. Since you now know that Zantac is sitting in the receptor, blocking the histamine from doing its thing, what do you think histamine's action is?

Please note that I'm being helpful now even though you're throwing a fit. Chill out.

The most prominent of the EFFECTS of HISTAMINE, that are mediated by H2 receptors, is STIMULATIONn of gastric acid secretion. It is the ability of the H2 BLOCKERS to INHIBIT this effect that explains much of their importance.