Jaundice is a yellow staining of tissues produced by high blood concentrations of bilirubin. Which of the following is a likely cause of jaundice in adults?
1. Decreased production of HCl in the stomach resulting in a more neutral stomach environment
2. Gallstones that result in blockage of bile excretion.
3. . Lactase deficiency resulting in lactose intolerance.
4. Decreased secretion of amylase by the pancreas.
* Individuals with gastritis are told to avoid foods that stimulate acid secretion and to take antacids. They may also take H2 histamine receptor blockers such as Zantac. Which of the following explains how the fuction of histamine?
1. Histamine reduces the activity of the proton pump (H+/K+)
2. Histamine converts pepsinogen to pepsin.
3. Histamine promotes the release of HCl by parietal cells.
4. Histamine promotes the release of gastrin, which stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCL.
Lactose or milk sugar is hydrolyzed into monosaccharides by which of the following?
You're misreading the question, and have discarded the correct answer to boot. H2 is a type of histamine receptor which is blocked by drugs like Zantac (ranitidine). (H1 is the other major type of histamine receptor, it's blocked by benadryl, zyrtec, claritin, and other drugs that people commonly think of when the word 'antihistamine' is used). Also, remember what part of the autonomic nervous system histamine is a neurotransmitter for. Since you now know that Zantac is sitting in the receptor, blocking the histamine from doing its thing, what do you think histamine's action is?
Please note that I'm being helpful now even though you're throwing a fit. Chill out.
Somehow my complete response did not get published. Here is what I originally intended to say:
Gastrin, a hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach, aids in gastric motility. The G cells in the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas release Gastrin. Its presence stimulates parietal cells of the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)/gastric acid. This is done indirectly via binding onto CCK2/gastrin receptors on ECL cells in the stomach, which then responds by releasing histamine, stimulating the parietal cells to secrete H+ ions. This is the major stimulus for acid secretion by parietal cells.
The most prominent of the effects of histamine, that are mediated by H2 receptors, is stimulation of gastric acid secretion, and it is the ability of the H2 blockers to inhibit this effect that explains much of their importance.
Being that I went through it (gallbladder disease-gallstones), here's what I can tell you. When you have a gallbladder attack, it also plays havoc on your liver enzyme count to the point that if you (far fetched hypothetically) walked into a doctor's appointment for an appointment, didn't tell the doctor that you just had a gallbladder attack within the past hour and he ordered labwork - you'd more than likely be called back in for a second round of blood work for possible hepititis.
Jaundice is often caused by some type of liver dysfunction and because of this gallbladder/pancreas/liver relationship, gallstone attacks can cause disrupted liver function and (in some cases) the associated jaundice as well as pancreatitis. So my vote is for gallstones in this case:-)
And this answer is based on personal experience vs what I was taught in school:D
MeganS
90 Posts
Somehow my complete response did not get published. Here is what I originally intended to say:
Gastrin, a hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells of the stomach, aids in gastric motility. The G cells in the stomach, duodenum, and the pancreas release Gastrin. Its presence stimulates parietal cells of the stomach to secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl)/gastric acid. This is done indirectly via binding onto CCK2/gastrin receptors on ECL cells in the stomach, which then responds by releasing histamine, stimulating the parietal cells to secrete H+ ions. This is the major stimulus for acid secretion by parietal cells.
The most prominent of the effects of histamine, that are mediated by H2 receptors, is stimulation of gastric acid secretion, and it is the ability of the H2 blockers to inhibit this effect that explains much of their importance.