Help for NCLEX-Rn

cocopebbles · Oct 19, 2009

Buy the LaCharity book- Prioritization, Delegation and Assignment. It's an awesome book and definitely helped me study.

As far as the infection control, there are organized lists on the Fact Throwing thread with what diseases are which precaution. I put each of those on flashcards and studied them a little bit every day, I definitely knew them all by the time I tested!

jabwemet · Oct 20, 2009

isolation precaution in hospital

universal precaution: prevention of nosocomical infections. the tent of standard precaution are that all pt are considered infected with micro-organism with or w/o s/sx and a uniform of caution should be used in all pt cared for.

standard precaution include: blood, all body fluids, mucous membrane, non-intact skin, secretion and excretion except sweat regardless of whether or not it contains blood. standard precaution are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of micro-organism from both infected and uninfected pt in the hospital.

contact precaution is divided into 2 groups

direct contact transmission involves when a nurse turn a pt, gives apt bath, perform other pt activities that require direct personal contact. also it can occur btw 2 pt in which one serves as source of infectious micro-organism and other serving as a susceptible host.

indirect contact transmission involves contact of a susceptible host with a contaminated object usually inanimate such as contaminated needles, dressing, contaminated hands that are not washed and gloves that are not changed btw pt. handwashing is considered as the most single important measure to reduce risk of transmitting organism from one pt to another pt. wearing gloves does not eliminate hand washing because gloves may have small defect such as torning during use and hands becomes contaminated during removal of gloves.

example of contact precaution disease:

abscess

hemorrhagic fever(ebola)

resistant bacteria

scabies

mrsa

mononucleosis

hsv

impetigo

boils

heroes simples type 1(cold sores)

pediculice(lice)

rubella

strep staphylococcus

shingles(zoster)

droplet transmission: involve pt infected primarily during coughing, sneezing, talking and during performance of certain procedure suction as suctioning, cvl, and bronchoscopy. transmission via large particle drolplets will occur only when there is close contact with infected person. the nurse should wear a mask when suctioning pt on droplet precaution and during bronchoscopy.

droplet precaution disease: influenza(flu)

mumps (droplet and contact) with saliva

meningococal (meningitis), pneumococcal droplet and contact with infected respiratory secretion

haemophilus influenzae

streptococus pneumoniae droplet and contact

rsv - droplet and direct or idirected with infected respiratory secretion

bordetella pertusis.

airborne transmission : occur by same route via droplet transmission but airborne droplet are very small and propelled a long distance through the air.

tb

chicken pox ( varicella)

cushing's syndrome?

endocrine and metabolic changes

cortisol-induced insulin resistance and incr gluconeogenesis in liver

incr androgen production

musculoskeletal changes

hypokalemia

incr catabolism

dcr bone mineral ionization

osteopenia

osteoporosis

skeletal growth retardation (in children)

skin changes

dcr collagen and weakened tissues

signs and symptoms

dm with dcr glucose tolerance,

fasting hyperglycemia, and glucosuria

mild virilism and hirsutism

clitoral hypertrophy

amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea (in women);

sexual dysfunction

muscle weakness, loss of muscle mass

pathologic fractures

purple striae;

facial plethora (edema and blood vessel distention);

acne

fat pads above clavicles

over upper back (buffalo hump)

on face (moon face)

trunk (truncal obesity) with slender arms and legs;

little or no scar formation

poor wound healing

spontaneous ecchymosis

hyperpigmentation

jabwemet · Oct 20, 2009

airborne precaution (credit goes to the one who posted this on april thread, sorry can't remember your name) i just re post it again

my - measles

chicken - chickenpox

hez - herpes zoster (disseminated)

tb - tb

private room

negative pressure with 6-12 air exchanges per hour

uv

mask

n95 mask for tb

droplet precaution

think of spiderman!

s - sepsis

s - scarlet fever

s - streptococcal pharyngitis

p - parvovirus b19

p - pertussis

p - pneumonia

i - influenza

d - diptheria (pharyngeal)

e - epiglottitis

r - rubella

m - mumps

m - meningitis

m - mycoplasma or meningeal pneumonia

an - adenovirus

private room

mask

contact precaution

mrs.wee

m - multidrug resistant organism

r - respiratory infection - rsv

s - skin infections

w - wound infections

e - enteric infections - clostridium defficile

e - eye infections

skin infections:

v - varicella zoster

c - cutaneous diptheria

h - herpes simplex

i - impetigo

p - pediculosis

s - scabies, staphylococcus

private room

gloves

gown

insulin, coumadin, heparin, antihypertensives, viagra, digitalis, ritalin, actonel, accutane, anti-ulcer medications, nitroglycern, to name a few. try to look at the suffixes:

ace inhibitors end with 'pril (eg: captopril) *note that this drug increases potassium in the blood,

angiotensinogen 2 inhibitors end in 'sartan (eg: losartan),

beta blockers end with 'olol (eg: metoprolol) *caution with patients who are diabetic or who are asthmatic,

cholesterol reducing drugs usually end with 'statin (eg: atorvastatin) * note that if the patient experiences muscular pain, they should stop immediately and report it to the doctor, also not to consume grapefruit juice,

impotence drugs end with "defil (eg: sildenefil-hope i spelled it correctly...if not please excuse the typo) *note that you cannot take this drug if you are taking nitrates such as nitroglycerin or isosorbide and go to the doctor if an erection last longer than 4 hours,

accutane is an acne drug, where a pregnancy test must be done on females before prescribing them

actonel (again, this may be a typo) cannot be taken unless a person is able to sit up for at least 1/2 hour to an hour after adminstration.

know the acting times of insulin, which is fast acting, long acting or the lente. they may ask when will a person become hypoglycemic, and that would be during peak hours.

penicillin: if a person has an allergy to penicillin, they may be at risk for an allergy to a cephalosporin, in that case suggest a macrolide such as clarithromycin. macrolides are known to cause severe stomach pain for some people. also, if a nurse administers penicillin or cephalosporin, that the patient should remain with the nurse for 1/2 hour afterwards to intervene with allergic reactions.

most drugs that end with 'mycin may cause nephrotoxicity or ototoxicity

parameters for digitalis administration, and also that if potassium is low and calcium and magnesium is high, there is a higher chance for digitalis toxicity.

corticosteriods usually end with 'sone (eg: predinsone), may cause medication related diabetes, increase chances of infection, cause cushoid symptoms (buffalo hump in back, thin skin, easy to bruise, etc...)

aspirin should not be consumed with alcohol, increases bleeding, causes ulcers, should be taken with food to diminish gastric distress

antidote for tylenol is mucomyst.

dont forget your diuretics ... esp. those are imp. also i have some for now ...

meds that end in -sartan=decrease blood pressure, increase cardiac load (used for those who side effect is cough with ace)

angiotensin ii receptor blockers

side effects 2nd degree av block, angina, muscle cramps monitor bun,bp and pulse

-vastatin(lovastatin)=decrease cholesterol, lower tricycerides (note*lipitor at night only do not take with grapefruit juice)

antihyperlipidemics

side effects muscle weakness, alopecia monitor liver/renal profile

cox=osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis(relieve pain by reducing inflammation)

nsaid/co2 enzyme blocker

side effects tinnitus, dizziness monitor bowel habits (could cause gi bleed, platlet count) increase risk of strokes, heart attacks***

tidine=gerd

histamine 2 antagonist(inhibit gastric acids)

side effects agranulocytosis, brady/tachycardia monitor gastric ph/bun ***if taking antacids take one hour after or before taking these drugs***

-prazole=ulcers, indigestion, gerd (take before meals better absorption)

proton pump inhibitors

side effects gas, diarrhea, hyperglycemia monitor lfts

-parin=thin blood, dvt, m.i.,post surgeries (antidote protamine sulfate--check ptt should be 1.5-2.0x) anticoag. decread vit. k levels

side effects hematuria, bleeding, fever monitor ptt, hematocrit and occult testing q 3mths

-pam

-pate

-aze/azo =benzos/antianxiety/anticonvulsants

side effects incontinence, respiratory depression/ monitor for lft, respirations

-caine (anesthetic)

-mab (monoclonal antibodies)

-ceph or cef (cephalosporins)

-cycline (tetracyclines)

-cal (calciums)

-done (opioids)

ganciclovir sodium causes neutropenia and thrombocytopenia and nurse should monitor for s/s of bleeding just as equiv. to a pt. on anticoag. therapy.

ssris and maois used together potentially fatal

caine= local anesthetics

cillin= antibiotics

dine= anti-ulcer agents

done= opiod analgesics

ide= oral hypoglycemics

iam= antianxiety agents

micin= antibiotics

nium= neuromuscular blocking agents

olol= beta blockers

ole= anti-fungal

oxacin= antibiotics

pam= antianxiety agents

pril= ace inhibitors

sone= steroids

statin= antihyperlipidemics

vir= antivirals

zide= diuretics

and i also attached some notes. i also wrote the insulin in the board, some conversion