Novel H1N1 Infections in Animals

Nurses COVID

Published

Human swine flu in pigs

The Editors of Effect Measure are senior public health scientists and practitioners. Paul Revere was a member of the first local Board of Health in the United States (Boston, 1799). The Editors sign their posts "Revere" to recognize the public service of a professional forerunner better known for other things.

...we started seeing pigs infected with human pandemic swine flu, both in the lab and in pig herds. It's likely the pigs got it from us, although which direction things went in isn't completely clear. But originally the virus made the jump from pigs to humans, probably sometime in late 2008 or early 2009, and now it's likely moving back and forth. Finding the human virus in pig herds in Canada, the US, Norway, Argentina and Northern Ireland, the current official line from the ag industry is, "No surprise. Nothing to see. Move right along."

...industrial pork production packs large numbers of animals together in unsanitary and highly stressful conditions, the perfect incubator for a more virulent virus. In this setting there is a selective advantage to produce more numerous and perhaps more severe symptoms because sick animals can transmit the virus easily, even if they sicken and die. So the establishment of this new ecological niche for the virus in animals in contact with humans and consumers is a concern.

At the moment the virus isn't even making the pigs sick, so it is most likely H1N1 pigs are moving into the food chain. If you cook the pork you will kill (more accurately, inactivate) the virus. But the pork on the dinner plate isn't the only consumer or health concern. Infected and uncooked pork and even infected live pigs routinely come in contact with people in the process of husbandry, slaughter, butchering, packaging and food preparation. While it is most likely true you can't get swine flu from eating pork, there are many other possible modes of transmitting infection from infected swine.

Read their complete commentary here: http://scienceblogs.com/effectmeasure/2009/10/human_swine_flu_in_pigs.php

Specializes in Too many to list.

Santa Rosa, California

http://www.foxreno.com/news/21913141/detail.html

On. Nov. 15, caretakers at the Safari West Wildlife Preserve and African Tent Camp noticed that Gijima, an 8-year-old cheetah, was lethargic, uninterested in food and was coughing, preserve spokeswoman Aphrodite Caserta said.

The cheetah was taken in for inspection and was thought to have a respiratory infection. However, the director of the preserve, Nancy Anne Lang, had seen a news report of a house cat contracting the H1N1 virus, and asked to have Gijima tested because she displayed similar symptoms.

A couple of days later, the test came back positive for H1N1 virus, Caserta said.

(hat tip pfi/pixie)

Specializes in Too many to list.

http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2009/12/swine_flu47.html

The latest confirmed pet death linked to the virus is a 12-year-old cat in Pennsylvania, which died in early November. The domestic shorthair developed a respiratory illness on November 3 after four members in the household became sick with flu-like symptoms, the AVMA said. The cat then became lethargic, lost its appetite, and had difficulty breathing.

X-rays taken by the veterinarian revealed the cat had pneumonia. Nasal samples from the cat tested negative for H1N1, but samples taken during a necropsy tested positive for the virus, the AVMA said.

Iowa health officials in November confirmed the first case of H1N1 in a pet -- a 13-year-old indoor cat in Iowa. Since then, the AVMA has tracked cases of the virus in animals.

Tracking the virus

Among the findings of the AVMA's investigation:

* An 8-year-old female cat in Oregon died from H1N1 on November 24, according to Oregon's public health veterinarian. The cat's owner had previously tested positive for the virus. When the cat arrived at the veterinarian's office, the AVMA said, she was hypothermic, dehydrated, weak, and had nasal discharge and blue-tinged mucous membranes. X-rays revealed the cat had severe pneumonia and fluid in her chest, the AVMA said. A nasal sample taken from the cat tested positive for the H1N1 virus.

* The week of December 7, France confirmed that a cat in that country tested positive for the virus. Health officials said the cat developed a respiratory illness shortly after two children in the household became ill. The cat recovered in six days.

* On December 4, Colorado health officials confirmed two cats from different households in that state tested positive for H1N1. Veterinarians suspect the cats, ages 10 and 11, became sick after someone in their households contracted the virus. The cats are now recovering. "These cases serve as a reminder to pet owners to seek veterinary attention as soon as possible if their pet seems ill," said veterinarian Kristy Pabilonia, an expert on H1N1 testing in animals at Colorado State University.

* In November, preliminary tests for H1N1 on a California cheetah came back positive. Final tests are pending. "There are no reported cases of Influenza A: H1N1 (2009-H1N1) transmission from animals to humans in a zoological setting," the http://www.aza.org/PressRoom/detail.aspx?id=10458 The Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) said. "Animal collections at zoological institutions, therefore, do not present a concern for public health."

* The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in November confirmed the H1N1 virus in Virginia turkeys. A worker had previously been sent home with flu-like symptoms. USDA officials said the turkeys were still safe to eat. That case marked the first time heath officials had confirmed the virus in U.S. turkeys. Officials had previously confirmed H1N1 in domestic turkeys in Canada and Chile.

* On November 28, published reports in China stated two dogs in Beijing tested positive for the H1N1 virus. The AMVA said there are no confirmed reports at this time of H1N1 in dogs in the United Sates. But there is another bug, the H3N8 influenza (canine influenza) virus, that targets U.S. dogs, the AVMA said. At present, the H3N8 virus has only spread among canines, the AVMA said. Dogs infected with the canine influenza virus have such symptoms as fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, and coughing.

* Oregon's public health veterinarian said a cat in that state died on November 7 from an H1N1 infection. The cat became sick shortly after a child in the household had flu-like symptoms. Three other cats in the household became sick, but have since recovered. Tests revealed those three cats were not infected with the virus.

* Utah health officials in November confirmed a cat in Park City had contracted the H1N1 virus. The cat's owner had previously been sick with flu-like symptoms, but is now recovering.

(hat tip pfi/overtherainbow)

Specializes in Too many to list.

US: Dogs Test Positive for H1N1

No surprise about this really since we know that H5N1, bird flu is known to infect multiple species, it is not a great stretch to get that other influenzas probably can do this as well.

In November, we began hearing reports of dogs in China that had tested positive for the novel H1N1 virus. The first hint came from a CTV newscast (see China Worries Over Species Jumping H1N1) that I blogged about on November 11th.

On November 28th, we received more confirmation (see China Reports 2 Dogs With H1N1) with this news report from Xinhua News.

While it probably happens more often than we know, yesterday the first confirmation of canine infection with the novel H1N1 here in the United States was released by Idexx labs.

More at: http://afludiary.blogspot.com/2009/12/us-dog-tests-positive-for-h1n1.html

Specializes in Too many to list.

USDA ISSUES CONDITIONAL LICENSE FOR PANDEMIC H1N1 VACCINE FOR SWINE

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/newsroom/content/2009/12/h1n1_vaccine.shtml

USDA today announced that it has issued a conditional license to Pfizer Animal Health, of Lincoln, Neb., for a pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine intended to vaccinate pigs against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus. This is the first pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine license issued by USDA.

"USDA and its partners in animal health have worked hard to expedite the development of a vaccine for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus," said Cindy Smith, Administrator of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. "This vaccine will help producers protect their swine herds and protect themselves from economic losses in the event that their herds contract this virus."

On June 2, 2009, the Center for Veterinary Biologics informed interested parties that the agency would provide pre-approved Master Seed Viruses to be used for development of a conditionally licensed pandemic H1N1 vaccine to protect swine. In the event that the pandemic H1N1 virus would become an emerging disease in swine, the availability of pre-approved Master Seed Viruses would facilitate a more rapid response should vaccine production be warranted. On September 10, 2009, Secretary Vilsack announced that USDA was expediting development of the H1N1 vaccine to protect swine.

Specializes in Too many to list.

Influenza A Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection in Domestic Cat

http://www.cdc.gov/eid/content/16/3/pdfs/09-1737.pdf

Influenza viruses are typically host specific; aquatic birds are considered the primary reservoir. However, interspecies transmission does occur (1-9) and occasionally leads to novel host-adapted strains. Interspecies transmission of influenza virus has been a public health concern because of the possibility that, through reassortment, a novel strain with zoonotic potential could emerge. The recent infection of dogs with equine influenza virus (H3N8) (2) and of swine with human influenza virus (H1N2) (4) are particularly intriguing because the former resulted in influenza becoming endemic in dogs and the latter resulted in a documented reassortment event between human and swine influenza viruses. Such concern has escalated with the recent emergence of the novel quadruple-reassorted influenza virus (H1N1) [pandemic (H1N1) 2009] in humans (10). Although infection and transmission of the virus have occurred primarily among humans, occasional transmission from infected persons to susceptible animals (e.g., swine, turkeys, ferrets) has been documented (11). The likelihood of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection of domestic pets has been considered less likely (http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/qa.htm, http://www.avma.org/public_health/influenza/new_virus/default.asp, http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/?navid=USDA_H1N1); however, we report a confirmed case of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in a domestic cat that had been in contact with persons who had recently experienced influenza-like illness.

Because the cat was from a single-animal household and remained indoors, he was presumably infected through contact with the family members. Attempts to retrospectively confirm pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection in the family members have been unsuccessful, but additional testing of archived biologic samples is being conducted. Although more surveillance and studies are needed to determine susceptibility of companion animals to the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, possible reverse zoonotic transmission (humans to animals) remains a concern. Indeed, cases in a domestic dog and other felids have been confirmed (11) (http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/qa.htm, http://www.avma.org/public_health/influenza/new_virus/default.asp, http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/?navid=USDA_H1N1). Implications of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in companion animals are 1) apparent human-to-animal transmission; 2) broader host range for the virus; 3) potential endemic establishment of influenza in companion animals; 4) possible transmission of influenza from companion animals to other species, including humans;

and 5) the need to reevaluate companion animals as potential reservoirs or intermediate hosts for reassortment of influenza virus. This case emphasizes the need for close monitoring for interspecies transmission of influenza virus and reinforces the need for collaboration among many disciplines, a cornerstone of the One Health Initiative (http://www.onehealthinitiative.com).

Specializes in Too many to list.

http://www.avma.org/public_health/influenza/new_virus/default.asp

Swine flu infections of other species are reported at the link above. It is always wise to remember that humans share the planet with creatures. We may share their diseases as well. Influenza was not originally a human disease.

+ Add a Comment