Immunology questions

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i'm a fnp student and am having problems with the following questions on an assignment. could anyone help shed some light on these problems?

1.

an inflammatory response

a. is characterized by a decrease in vascular permeability.

b. is stimulated by cytokines produced by neutrophils.

c. occurs only during a secondary response.

d. recruits phagocytes to the infection site.

e. usually lasts for many weeks to ensure antigen is completely removed

2.

immune system cell adhesion molecules do not

a. allow macrophages to leave the circulation.

b. allow t cells to home specifically to peripheral or mucosal lymphoid tissue. -

c. attract leukocytes to an infection site. -

d. help cytotoxic t cells to bind to their targets.

e. signal neutrophils that they have arrived at an infection site. -

3.

lymphocyte recirculation

a. activates inflammatory cytokines to promote antigen presentation to t cells.

b. allows b cells to go to the site of infection to produce antibody.

c. circulates lymphokines efficiently throughout the body.

d. occurs for both naïve and effector lymphocytes

e. only occurs during an infection.

4.

for a circulating neutrophil to reach the site of inflammation, it must bind to blood vessel endothelial cell and then pass between the endothelial cells in a process called

a. addressinazition.

b. chemotaxis.

c. extravasation.

d. marginalization.

e. opsonization.

5.

inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages activate all of the following except

a. b cells to secrete acute phase proteins.

b. integrin on leukocytes to bind more strongly to vascular cams.

c. neutrophils to be more cytotoxic.

d. nk cells to kill virus-infected cells.

e. vascular endothelium to increase expression of cams.

thanks for your help!

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Specializes in Hopefully ICU one of these days..

yeah, your book probably could. this site is not here for other people to do your homework. if you have something specific you are confused about I would be happy to help as would everyone I am sure but I do not think anyone here is going to just answer your multiple choice questions for you. :down:

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Specializes in Gerontological, cardiac, med-surg, peds.

What ideas have you come up with so far? We would love to help, but would first like to see what your ideas are and your rationales for choosing them.

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I'm sorry if there is any misunderstanding. I wasn't asking for answers. I was asking for help with the questions. Just giving me the answers won't help me learn the material. I have read my textbook over and over and I am still having difficulty with these questions. If there is anyone that can help explain these problems, please let me know.

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Specializes in Gerontological, cardiac, med-surg, peds.
I'm sorry if there is any misunderstanding. I wasn't asking for answers. I was asking for help with the questions. Just giving me the answers won't help me learn the material. I have read my textbook over and over and I am still having difficulty with these questions. If there is anyone that can help explain these problems, please let me know.

I feel your pain. I took physiology in my MSN concentration a few years ago, and it left me with a headache day and night. Somehow I stumbled through taking it and made a decent grade.

These resources may be of help to you:

http://www.resourcehelp.com/bio_immunology.htm

http://www.cramster.com/immunology-study-guides-r26-42-cpi0-0.aspx (Cramster helped me A LOT when I was taking biostatistics... ugh!)

http://books.google.com/books?id=-p6D40hZV68C&printsec=frontcover&dq=immunology+and+study+guides&hl=en&ei=yoTrTc37Isbi0QGGs4SbAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=immunology%20and%20study%20guides&f=true

http://books.google.com/books?id=aZtbbRy55UEC&pg=PP2&dq=immunology+and+study+guides&hl=en&ei=yoTrTc37Isbi0QGGs4SbAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=true

http://www.amazon.com/Immunology-Infection-Immunity-Study-Guide/dp/1555812821

Hope this helps and best wishes to you :)

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1.

an inflammatory response (i'm stuck between choices b and d....leaning more towards d)

a. is characterized by a decrease in vascular permeability. - i know this is not the correct answer because an inflammatory response increases vascular permeability.

b. is stimulated by cytokines produced by neutrophils.

c. occurs only during a secondary response. could possibly be the answer, but i don't think it is as the first line of the body's defense are physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers. however the timing of defense for the inflammatory response is immediate

d. recruits phagocytes to the infection site.

e. usually lasts for many weeks to ensure antigen is completely removed - i don't feel this is the correct answer because generally the inflammatory response only last for 2 weeks at most. if

2.

immune system cell adhesion molecules do not (stuck between choices a and d)

a. allow macrophages to leave the circulation. - macrophages are allowed to leave the circulation, but i'm not sure if cams have anything to do with this

b. allow t cells to home specifically to peripheral or mucosal lymphoid tissue. - no

c. attract leukocytes to an infection site. - no

d. help cytotoxic t cells to bind to their targets. do cams help tcells bind to their targets?

e. signal neutrophils that they have arrived at an infection site. - no

3.

lymphocyte recirculation

a. activates inflammatory cytokines to promote antigen presentation to t cells.

b. allows b cells to go to the site of infection to produce antibody.

c. circulates lymphokines efficiently throughout the body.

d. occurs for both naïve and effector lymphocytes

e. only occurs during an infection.

4.

for a circulating neutrophil to reach the site of inflammation, it must bind to blood vessel endothelial cell and then pass between the endothelial cells in a process called (stuck between choices b and c....leaning towards c)

a. addressinazition.

b. chemotaxis.

c. extravasation.

d. marginalization.

e. opsonization.

5.

inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages activate all of the following except

a. b cells to secrete acute phase proteins.

b. integrin on leukocytes to bind more strongly to vascular cams.

c. neutrophils to be more cytotoxic.

d. nk cells to kill virus-infected cells.

e. vascular endothelium to increase expression of cams.

i'm not asking for answers. i'm just asking for help to better understand these questions and to see if i'm on the right path or completely clueless.

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Thank you so much for the links. I will check them out!

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Specializes in Critical Care, ED, Cath lab, CTPAC,Trauma.
i'm a fnp student and am having problems with the following questions on an assignment. could anyone help shed some light on these problems?

1.

an inflammatory response

a. is characterized by a decrease in vascular permeability.

b. is stimulated by cytokines produced by neutrophils.

c. occurs only during a secondary response.

d. recruits phagocytes to the infection site.

e. usually lasts for many weeks to ensure antigen is completely removed

http://crohn.ie/archive/primer/inflresp.htm

2.

immune system cell adhesion molecules do not

a. allow macrophages to leave the circulation.

b. allow t cells to home specifically to peripheral or mucosal lymphoid tissue. -

c. attract leukocytes to an infection site. -

d. help cytotoxic t cells to bind to their targets.

e. signal neutrophils that they have arrived at an infection site.

- http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit4/innate/inflammation.html

3.

lymphocyte recirculation

a. activates inflammatory cytokines to promote antigen presentation to t cells.

b. allows b cells to go to the site of infection to produce antibody.

c. circulates lymphokines efficiently throughout the body.

d. occurs for both naïve and effector lymphocytes

e. only occurs during an infection.

http://www.microbiologybytes.com/iandi/2b.html

4.

for a circulating neutrophil to reach the site of inflammation, it must bind to blood vessel endothelial cell and then pass between the endothelial cells in a process called

a. addressinazition.

b. chemotaxis.

c. extravasation.

d. marginalization.

e. opsonization.

http://www.microbiologybytes.com/iandi/2b.html

5.

inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages activate all of the following except

a. b cells to secrete acute phase proteins.

b. integrin on leukocytes to bind more strongly to vascular cams.

c. neutrophils to be more cytotoxic.

d. nk cells to kill virus-infected cells.

e. vascular endothelium to increase expression of cams.

http://crohn.ie/archive/primer/inflresp.htm

thanks for your help!

i hope these sites help

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