Help!

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hello~

i'm a 2nd year nursing student :)

i'm doing a subject called cellular alteration and there is an assignment due next week.

your help would be very much appreciated! :)

it's a question-answer format and few questions are a bit complicated.

these are the case scenario and questions!

jo is a 40-year-old mother of two teenage daughters who is employed as a barista at a local cafe.

she consulted the family doctor after moticing a lump in her left breast during her monthly breast self-examination (bse). a mammogram revealed a 3 cm lump with irregular borders in the upper outer quadrant of her left breast. jo was referred to a surgeon who performed a fine-needle aspiration biopsy. two days later, the biopsy result came back positive for invasive ductal carcinoma. after much discussion with the surgeon and her husband, jo agreed to have a modivfied radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection.

there is a family history of cancer. jo's father died of lung cancer at age 65. jo's mother and one of her maternal aunts died of breast cancer in their late 50s. her twin sister also had breast cancer diagnosed two months ago.

question1: what is bse? discuss the best time of the month to perform bse.

question2: explain the procedure and discuss the accuracy of mammogram and fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

question3: what is invasive ductal carcinoma?

question4: explain the meaning of modified radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection.

the surgeon ordered a whole body bome scan and a chest x-ray before the surgery.

question5: why were a bone scan and chest x-ray ordered?

jo returned to the ward after the operation. apart from an iv infusion and a morphine pca, there was a jackson-pratt drain coming out from jo's breast wound.

question6: discuss two actual and one potential nursing problems and their evidence-based interventions in the first 48 hours after the surgery.

the pathology report confirmed that the tumour is hormone sensitive and that 8 our of 15 lymph nodes were positive for cancer. based on this report, the oncologist recommended four cycles of combination chemotherapy (iv doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) and hormone therapy (oral tamoxifen for four years).

question7: discuss the specific nursing care in each treatment approach.

two weeks into her treatment, jo is having trtouble coping with her diagnosis and treatment.

question8: describe possible support mechanisms that could be provbided to jo and her family.

jo completed her first cydcle of chemotherapy and is ready to go home tomorrow. while you are preparing her discharge papers, she asks you the following two questions. what information would you provide to jo?

question9: "what long-term issues will i have to deal with?"

question10: "it looks like breast cancer is part of the family legacy. when will it happen to my daughters? what should we do?" (you are expected to know more than just referring jo to the cnc/oncologist in your answer.)

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Specializes in med/surg, telemetry, IV therapy, mgmt.

question 1: what is bse? discuss the best time of the month to perform bse.

bse and how it is done can be found on websites all over the internet. all you need do is look for this information. this website would be a good place to start:

question 2: explain the procedure and discuss the accuracy of mammogram and fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

  • that information can also be found on medline plus

question 3: what is invasive ductal carcinoma?

question 4: explain the meaning of modified radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection.

question 5: why were a bone scan and chest x-ray ordered?

question 7: discuss the specific nursing care in each treatment approach.

question 8: describe possible support mechanisms that could be provbided to jo and her family.

question 9: "what long-term issues will i have to deal with?"

  • this may also be on the national cancer institute as well as the american cancer society website (http://www.cancer.org)

question 10: "it looks like breast cancer is part of the family legacy. when will it happen to my daughters? what should we do?" (you are expected to know more than just referring jo to the cnc/oncologist in your answer.)

  • same as question #10

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