Published Sep 24, 2014
elbvon
5 Posts
I used so many review sheets from allnurses people, so I feel obligated to share one of mine on medications. I passed the nclex the first time just two weeks ago. I basically only knew what I have written here on meds with just a few extras. Good luck to all who are taking the nclex, don't let people psych you out, it's not too bad
Sympathetic Nervous System
"Fight or Flight"
Adrenergic effect
Secretes Epinephrine
Effects:
Vasoconstriction
Increase HR, BP
Increase blood flow to muscles
Lungs dilate
Constipation
Pupils dilate
Dry mouth
Urinary retention
Increase blood glucose
Parasympathetic Nervous System
"Rest and Digest"
Cholinergic effect
Secretes Acetylcholine
Vasodilation
Decrease HR, BP
Decrease blood flow to muscles
Lung Constriction
Stimulate digestion
Constrict pupils
Increase salivation
Stimulate urination
* Many medications cause desired actions as well as side effects in direct correlation with how the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system functions.
Example: nasal decongestants cause vasoconstriction as a desired effect, thus decreasing congestion. By simply knowing that this medication causes vasoconstriction, you can assume other actions and side effects, just apply what you now know about the sympathetic ns. If something causes vasoconstriction it will also cause lung dilation, increase hr, urinary retention, etc. And the common s/e of nasal decongestants are urinary retention, increase HR BP, and pupil dilation.
COMMON MED. "ENDINGS" WITH EXAMPLES
ACE Inhibitor="pril"=lisinopril
ARB="sartan"=losartan
Calcium channel blockers="dipine"=almlodopine Also, cardizem and verapamil
Beta blocker="olol"=BB1(metoprolol) BB2(propanolol)
Alpha adrenergic blocker="zosin"=doxazosin. Also, Tamsulosin(Flomax)
Cholesterol lowering med.="statin"=simvostatin
Bronchiodilator="erol"=albuterol
Xanathines="phylline"=theophylline
Anti cholinergic bronchio dilator= "tropium"=tiotropium(spiriva)
Glucocorticoid="sone"=cortisone
Leukotrine blocker=lukast=Montelukast(singulair)
Antihistamine="ine"=cetrizine(zyrtec)
Nasal decongestant="zoline"=oxymetazoline(afrin)
loop diuretic="ide"=bumetanide(bumex)
Thiazine diuretic="thiazide"=hydrochlorothiazide
5-alpha reductase inhibitor="asteride"=finasteride(proscar)
Benzo.="zepine" and "pam"= lorazapam
Antifungal="azole"=fluconazole(diflucan)
Antiviral="clovir"=acyclovir
Migraine med.="triptan"=almotriptan
SSRI= "ine" and "pram"=fluoxetine(prozac)
Proton pump inhibitor="prazole"=omeprazole(prilosec)
Antidysrhythmics that increase heart rate (IDEAL)
1. Isuprel
2. Dopamine
3. Epinephrine
4. Atropine
5. Levophed
Antidysrhythmics that decrease heart rate
1. Amiodorone
2. Lidocaine
3. Cardizem
4. Nitrates
5. Isosorbide
6. Adenosine
Toxicity
Dilantin
10-20 therapeutic range
slurred speech, rash, gingival hyperplasia
Digoxin
0.5-1.1 therapeutic range
halo, diplopia
Lithium
>2 toxicity
polyuria, polydipsia, decrease hr, hyponatremia
Phenobarbital
>50 toxicity
Ataxia, slurred speech.
COMMON MED. ANTIDOTES
Digoxin=Digibind
Coumadin=vitamin K
Benzo./Barbit.=fluzaemil(romazicon)
Mg Sulfate=calcium gluconate
heparin=protamine sulfate
tylenol=mucomyst
opiate= narcan
potassium=insulin, kayexalate, or dialysis
TNKase=amnioproic acid
beta blocker=glucoagon
dopamine=phentolamine
most cholinergic meds.=atropine
Randoms
-Tuberculosis drugs: Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinimide, ethambutol, cycloserine, streptomycin
TB drugs are hepatotoxic and neurotoxic.
Rifampin turns bodily fluids orange
-Steroids cause: hyperglycemia, immunosupression, adrenal insufficiency, and osteoporosis.
-Potassium sparing diuretics: Spiralactone(aldactone), triamterene(dyrenium), amiloride(midamor).
-Osmotic diuretic = mannitol, given to decrease intracrannial pressure
-Urinary tract infection analgesic, phenazopyridine(pyridium) turns your urine orange
-5 alpha reductase inhibitors convert testostorone to androgen to decrease benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms.
Women (especially pregnant) and children should not touch this med.
-Alpha Adrenergic Blockers
Decrease BP
Commonly used in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
-Seizure meds.= phentoin(dilantin), phenobarbital, diazepam(valium)
-Fungal medications are hepatotoxic,
-All antidepressants except for MAOI block reuptake of serotonin.
-Foods high in tyramine are fermented and aged.
-MAOI= phenelzine(nardil), tranylcypromine(paranate), isocarboxazide(marplan)
-Positive inotropes = increase heart contractility= Digoxin
-Negative inotropes= decrease heart contractility= Calcium channel blockers
-Nitrates are used for angina
-Beta blocker
Beta 1="1 heart" = metoprolol and atenolol
Beta 2= "2 lungs" = propanolol and carvedilol (Coreg)
*beta2 contraindicated in asthma, copd, etc. pt. due to risk for bronchoconstriction.Beta 1 drugs should be prescribed.
BB suppresses clinical indicators of hypoglycemia
-Mydriotic eyedrops.
dilates pupil, example atropine
-Miotic eyedrops.
given for glaucoma, to decrease pressure by constricting the pupil
-Parkinsons meds., increase dopamine and decrease acetylcholine. Examples: levadopa and Requip.Levadopa may cause harmless side effect, darkening of saliva and urine.
-Xanathines, inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators during anaphylaxis