Hi, I just finished Med-Surg this semester. This is how I would respond. Hope this helps! I]Shaun, a 24-year-old man, who lives on the Mornington peninsular, is highly allergic to dust and pollen and anxiety appears to play a role in exacerbating his asthma attacks. A..B.’s partner drove him to the Frankston hospital when his wheezing was unresponsive to beclomethasone (Qvar) and ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) inhalers. Upon arrival, his vital signs are 152/84mm.hg, 124, 42, 38° C. A.B. is started on 4 L O2/NC, an IV of Glucose5%W at KVO. His ABGs are pH 7.31, PaCO2 48 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mmol/L, PaO2 55 mm Hg, SaO2 88%. 2. The inflammatory response in asthma involves what mechanisms? Someone already answered this for you 3. Are shaun's vital signs acceptable? State your rationale. I don't think they are acceptable. His RR is high most likely due to dyspnea and anxiety. Tachycardia can be an indicator for hypoxemia. His ABGs show that he is in Respiratory acidosis meaning he is retaining too much carbon dioxide. 4. Comment on shaun's SaO2. Shawn's Sa02 is at 88% which is a sign of impaired gas exchange I would want it above 92% 6. Are Qvar and/or Atrovent appropriate for use during an asthma attack? Explain. Not during an acute attack because Atrovent is categorized as long-acting beta agonist which means these drugs need time to build up an effect, but the effects are longer lasting. These drugs are useful in preventing an asthma attack, but have no value during an acute attack. Qvar is an anti-inflammatory agent or corticosteroid, and corticosteroids decrease inflammatory and immune responses in many ways. The effectiveness of these drugs depends on regular use. Maximum effectiveness requires cotinued use for 48-72 hours, so are they appropriate for use during an asthma attack? No, not during an acute attack. Are they going to help his current situation? No, but they will prevent other attacks if they are used properly 7. The physician orders Salbutamol sulfate 3 mg nebulisation treatment STAT (immediately). What is the rationale for this order? Salbutamol is the same thing as albuterol. This is a short-acting beta2 agonist. These agents provide rapid but short-term relief. These drugs are most useful when an attack begins. They are called bronchodilators and they increase bronchilar smooth muscle relaxation and are very rapid. 8. What is the rationale for immediately starting shaun. on oxygen? Oxygen is prescribed for relief of hypoxemia and hypoxia. His ABG's show Respiratory Acidosis. His Paco2 is high because he is retaining carbon dioxide and he is having poor gas exchange. They are putting him on oxygen to prevent or reverse hypoxemia. 9. List five short-term nursing and medical interventions that may help relieve shaun's symptoms.[/i] 1. Deep breathing and coughing exercises to clear secretions 2. Semi-fowlers positioning to alleviate dyspnea 3. Incentive spirometry 4. Adequate fluid intake to help thin secretions 5. Find cause of anxiety; treat appropriately