Forceps

I`m surprised of what I read here. People (some) get really sensible with the lenguage used by others in their private speaking. Usually I understand it as putting your nose where it does not belong in other people private chat. Another thing is that in a conversation not all the participants speak the same lenguage. Then is "common sense" to use a universal code of communication (A.K.A. english if you are in US). If not is unpolite, at least, to speak in a foreigen idiom. I´m born and educated abroad, in diferent countries and generaly the rule of thumb you use is: own lenguage if you are alone with somebody of your own culture/language, if somebody is around (and very specially if clients are near) or a member of the conversation or has interest on it, you speaking a general/common language ( in our case here, english). Just to don´t hurt the sensible feelings of anybody or push them back of the conversation. No big deal, you have to create a nice speaking/working ambient, so each one tries to adaptate to the situation with respect and tolerance.

Enema----------- Stool-------------- softerners Concept---------Procedure---------- medication Format--------- Liquid----------- --Capsules, tablets, liquid, syrup,etc effect in :------ inmediate------------- 1 to 3 days side effects---- electrolite inbalance,--- cramps stomach/intestines .....................perforation intestine---------- throat irritation ......................damaged orifice-------------- Nausea Alert smptoms--- Blood, pain, disconfort----- skin rash, fever, vomit, ---------------------------------------breathing problems, stomach pain Stool softerner is a medication. Need time to work. Can come in diferent formats and are diferent formulas ( or drug compositions). The medication has to follow all the eating circut untill it arrive to the point of effect. Will affect first the top of the intestine content (more near the stomach). Enema is a procedure that consist in introducing some kind of liquid (there are diferent compositions too, Sodium Phosfate is a usual one) into the rectum and/or colon. Is used to clean ot or facilitate the excretion of fecal matter. It can be used for other objectives (such is rehidratation under very concrete cases). You introduce it across the orifice. So you have a direct administration to the area of effect. Will affect in first place the more distal content of the stomach, the one near the orifice. Is quick but hope it helps.

If you have more questions tell me. Will try to help. The important is that you can pass!!!! Keep a positive actitude, study, practice question and over everything understand why you answer one option and not another( these way is usefull everything in everyday work!).

Some drugs that create a vagolytic effect (are called vagolytic agents): -atropine sulfate -glycopyrrolate -propantheline -isopropamide What they do? They are agents (drugs) that have inhibitory effects on the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) Whats does the vagus nerve? The vagus nerve conveys sensory information about the state of the body's organs (visceras). To remember that think that has 80-90% of afferent (sensory) fibers in the nerve. What does activation of the Vagus Nerve do? Activation of the vagus nerve leads to a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure( both at the same time is also possible). What happend if it is too much stimulated? To much activation of the nerve (as in a extreme stress situation or pain) can cause a vasovagal syncope. Why these can happend? Because of a sudden drop in hearth rate and Blood pressure. Which are the Glaucoma main elements/ characterizations ? They are 3. 1-Increeased ocular pressure (you are interested in these one). 2-Increased cupping and pallor of the optic disc. 3-loss of visual field. Why? The nerve suffer damage and provocate the above elements. What is atropine? Is a Anticholinergic. Why is is dangerous? Anticholinergics and parasympatholytics block the action of innervation on the muscles of the iris & ciliar body. Creates cycloplegia (paralysis of accommodation) & pupillary dilatation. Cycloplegia can cause blurring vision (note that these one is a side effects of atropine) from interference with normal innervation of the ciliary muscle. Blocking of the ciliary muscle can be dangerous to patients with borderline or actual chronic open-angle glaucoma. These happends because increases resistance to escape aqueous humor. To undestand these you should know that normally the tone of the ciliary muscle assist keeping open the channels for aqueous humor outflow through the scleral spur to the corneoscleral trabecular meshwork. So hope now you understand it. Just in case you want the short version (unacademic and unprofessional): Glaucoma augments pressure inside eye. Pressure is regulated by expelling the liquid inside the eye. Atropine closes exit of liquid. The eye augments and augments... the pressure and everything gets bad inside the eye. Sorry for the simplicity but, again, I hope it helps. Sorry for any misspelling or anything else that is not right (is not my mother lenguage).