i have to do a research paper on polio in apa format. can anyone give me any info on this topic? some of the guidelines for my paper are: causative organism description of health problems prevention treatment nursing diagnosis with rationale nursing goals and interventions here is a copy of what i had started on, keep in mind i am not finished. would like some of your input on this paper. what is polio? polio is a highly contagious disease that is caused by a virus that primarily lives in the intestines and human feces. the virus is spread from person to person through oral contact with the feces of an infected person (for example, by changing diapers); it can also be spread through contaminated food or water. it affects children usually at the age of three but it can affect persons at any age and some won't have complications until later in life which is referred to as post polio. when the virus enters the body it penetrates the intestinal lining and enters into the lymphatic system and blood stream and then it is carried to the central nervous system where it replicates and destroys the motor neuron cells which control the muscles for swallowing, circulation, respiration, and the trunk, arms, and legs. for some people the virus only causes flu like symptoms but for others the virus begins to attack the central nervous system and destroying the motor cells of the spinal cord and brainstem and then infected person will become irritable and develop pain in the back and will have muscle tenderness and stiff neck. when the virus encounters the nerve cells, the receptors attach themselves to the virus and then the infection begins. once the virus is inside the cells it makes thousands of copies of itself with in hours and the virus kills the cell and then spreads to infect other cells. health complications polio can lead to muscle paralysis that results in deformities of the hips, ankles, and feet, but many of these deformities can be corrected with surgery and physical therapy but other complication can also affect the lungs, kidneys, and the heart such as: pulmonary edema - life threatening condition that fills the lungs with fluid and prevents them from absorbing oxygen. aspiration pneumonia - inflammation of lungs that is caused by inhaling stomach contents into the lungs. myocarditis - inflammation of thick muscular layer of the heart that leads to chest pain, abnormal heartbeat, or congestive heart failure. cor pulmonale - heart condition that occurs when the right side of the heart can't pump hard enough to compensate for prolonged high blood pressure in the arteries and veins in the lungs.there are three phases of polio: o nonparalytic - this form of the disease doesn't lead to paralysis but will have symptoms that include sore throat, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and most people recover within a week. o paralytic - this is the most serious form of the disease which often begins with flu like symptoms and then leads to an acute flaccid paralysis which causes the limbs to appear loose and floppy, often comes on suddenly and usually affects one side of the body, but sometimes both sides are affected but typically one side is worse than the other. o post polio syndrome - adults who had polio as a child, usually 30-40 years later will experience muscle weakness and pain in the areas that were previously affected by polio, or they could also develop a new paralysis. other signs and symptoms may include breathing or swallowing problems, decreased tolerance of cold temperatures. prevention there is no cure for polio; it can only be prevented by an inactivated vaccine (ipv) through injections. this immunization schedule can protect a child for life: 2 months 4 months between 6-18 months booster between 4-6 yearsadults that need the vaccination: traveling to other parts of the world people who handle the poliovirus healthcare workers treatment in the early outbreak of polio, researchers tried to find treatments for the disease. they used a number of therapies which included body casts, and braces to prevent deformities. they also used a chamber like respirator known as "iron lung". it enclosed the whole body except the head and in which alternate pulsations of high and low pressure induces normal breathing movements and forces air into and out of the lungs but current treatment focuses on comfort and preventing complications which include: antibiotics analgesics for pain portable ventilators for breathing moderate exercise a nutritious diet nursing diagnosis with rational the diagnosis of polio is based on a neurological exam. the physician may suspect that you have polio if you have fever with limb weakness or paralysis that affects one side of your body. the physician will test your muscle reflexes and look for muscle weakness, abnormal muscle contractions, and decreased muscle tone. throat or stool samples may be used to identify the poliovirus with laboratory tests. blood test may be used to identify antibodies to the virus that are produced by your immune system. thanks, connie