Neuman System HELP!!

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Oh the theories will haunt me forever ;) Just when I thought I had it down - I have to apply the Neuman System Model to a community assessment. I am having trouble figuring out what makes up the normal lines of defense, flexible lines of defense, and lines of resistance for the community. Can anyone help??

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Specializes in Critical Care, ED, Cath lab, CTPAC,Trauma.

Maybe this will help.....Betty Neuman's System Model

  • Each client system is unique, a composite of factors and characteristics within a given range of responses contained within a basic structure.

  • Many known, unknown, and universal stressors exist. Each differ in it’s potential for disturbing a client’s usual stability level or normal LOD (Line of Defence).

  • The particular inter-relationships of client variables at any point in time can affect the degree to which a client is protected by the flexible LOD against possible reaction to stressors.

  • Each client/ client system has evolved a normal range of responses to the environment that is referred to as a normal LOD. The normal LOD can be used as a standard from which to measure health deviation.

  • When the flexible LOD is no longer capable of protecting the client/ client system against an environmental stressor, the stressor breaks through the normal LOD

  • The client whether in a state of wellness or illness, is a dynamic composite of the inter-relationships of the variables. Wellness is on a continuum of available energy to support the system in an optimal state of system stability.

  • Implicit within each client system are internal resistance factors known as LOR, which function to stabilize and realign the client to the usual wellness state.

  • Primary prevention relates to G.K. that is applied in client assessment and intervention, in identification and reduction of possible or actual risk factors.

  • Secondary prevention relates to symptomatology following a reaction to stressor, appropriate ranking of intervention priorities and treatment to reduce their noxious effects.

  • Tertiary prevention relates to adjustive processes taking place as reconstitution begins and maintenance factors move the back in circular manner toward primary prevention.

  • The client as a system is in dynamic, constant energy exchange with the environment.

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so easy.come on this is like you didn't even read Nueman. Its so cut and dry right down to how to build up the lines of defense thorough prevention...do your homework.

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Specializes in Critical Care, ED, Cath lab, CTPAC,Trauma.
so easy.come on this is like you didn't even read Nueman. Its so cut and dry right down to how to build up the lines of defense thorough prevention...do your homework.
Students come to AN for a safe place to answer questions. I like to be as helpful as I can without giving answers.
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Thanks for the helpful response Esme.

PuraVida - I have certainly read Neuman, and read it again and then again......I have a pretty good grasp on it, but when applying it to a large community instead of an individual I just needed a little guidance. Possibly I should have worded my question a little better - the levels of prevention are easy, Ive got that......the normal and flexible lines of defense finally became more clear to me, the only thing that I am still fuzzy on are the Lines of resistance for the community. In one of the books I have it lists an after school program for school aged children as an example of Lines of resistance, but that doesn't make sense to me. My first instinct was to list Lines of resistance as things like the disaster preparedness network or food bank, but everything I have read doesn't support that.

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