A&P help

[JadenRN TO BE]

im in AP II but my teacher gave us this review sheet to do over AP I stuff. im having trouble with it.

1. In a normal, healthy individual, which fluid compartment has the highest osmolarity?

a. interstitial fluid

b. intracellular fluid

c. plasma

d. the osmolarity should be fairly equal across these three fluid compartments.

I put D because i spent a while googling it and that's what i came up with.

2. In a dehydrated individual, which fluid compartment has the highest osmolarity?

a. interstitial fluid

b. intracellular fluid

c. plasma

d. the osmolarity should be fairly equal across these three fluid compartments.

:confused:

3. movement of water (2 answers) ____ and _____

a. through the phospholipid bilayer (simple diffusion)

b. protein channels or carriers (facilitated diffusion)

c. active transport (solute "pumps")

d. endocytosis/exocytosis

e. filtration

filtration and facilitated diffusion?

4. What effect will occur if there is not enough calcium in the extracellular fluid?

a. heart beats harder

b. heart beats weaker

c. there is no effect on the heart

weaker?

any help would be much appreciated!:bowingpur

[JadenRN TO BE]

can't find this one either:

____a. normally in control

parasympathetic or sympathetic

I think I found this one. wikipedia says: "The parasympathetic nervous system promotes digestion, synthesizes glycogen, and allows for normal function and behavior."

[BellasMommyOBRN]

for # 1, i believe the answer to be "b".

for #2, i'm thinking "a".

for #3, i know one of the answers is "a" because water is able to pass freely when the "tails" move temporarily.

for #4, i would have agreed with you, weaker.

for the last one, i would think your professor is looking for parasympathetic. sympathetic is remembered as "fright, flight and fight", whereas parasympathetic is "rest and digest". i would think parasympathetic to be "normal".

good luck!!

[RedCell]

im in AP II but my teacher gave us this review sheet to do over AP I stuff. im having trouble with it.

1. In a normal, healthy individual, which fluid compartment has the highest osmolarity?

a. interstitial fluid

b. intracellular fluid

c. plasma

d. the osmolarity should be fairly equal across these three fluid compartments.

I put D because i spent a while googling it and that's what i came up with.

2. In a dehydrated individual, which fluid compartment has the highest osmolarity?

a. interstitial fluid

b. intracellular fluid

c. plasma

d. the osmolarity should be fairly equal across these three fluid compartments.

:confused:

3. movement of water (2 answers) ____ and _____

a. through the phospholipid bilayer (simple diffusion)

b. protein channels or carriers (facilitated diffusion)

c. active transport (solute "pumps")

d. endocytosis/exocytosis

e. filtration

filtration and facilitated diffusion?

4. What effect will occur if there is not enough calcium in the extracellular fluid?

a. heart beats harder

b. heart beats weaker

c. there is no effect on the heart

weaker?

any help would be much appreciated!:bowingpur

1) Normally all three compartments are equal (interstitial and plasma are part of the extracellular compartment)

2) Plasma osmolarity would be increased initially but over time all three compartments will be fairly equal

3) Filtration (hydrostatic pressure) Simple diffusion (osmosis)

4) Heart would beat weaker if calcium is low (decreases contractility)

Parasympathetic normally dominates

[JadenRN TO BE]

you guys are awesome. thanks so much:redbeathe:heartbeat just one more question..

1. The effectors that increase blood calcium back to normal are the __________ in bone.

I can't figure out if its osteoclasts or osteoblasts

is it osteoclasts?

[BellasMommyOBRN]

yep, that would be my answer. the osteoclasts breakdown bone matter and release the stored calcium back to the blood.