ahmad

hi maybe am late to reply but am new here, according to my experience their is no analgesia can make pain free alone, as you know their is different types of pain(viscral,neuropathic,somatic like bone pain,etc) so the combination of drugs is the effective its called balance analgesia. epidural analgesia will depend on many things the opioid type(hydrophilic vs lipophilic and on the operation site and on the type of pain. in case of Ortho operation the epidural will be effective as it block sensations and will be effictive also for phantomp pain but the bone pain will strongly relived by NSAIDs not epidural, so my experience and the articles taught me to treat pain depending on my assessment of pain types .