I to have found this area very difficult. There is no protocal that I am aware of. This comes from the physicians personal preference, the patient, and department of anesthesia. Age, physical illness, patient size, etc play a role in how much medication to use. Talk with the physician first, get his preferences and guidelines. In a fairly healthy patient, under 70 years old, I start with Versed 1-2 mg, and Fentanyl 50 mcg IVP. Wait 2 minutes and give more if needed. If patient is > 70yo, I start with Versed 1 mg, and Fentanyl 25 mcg, until I see how they respond. Follow your anesthesia guidelines for conscious sedation medications and dosing. Remember that these are only guidelines, and that the physician is ultimately responsible for how much or little is given. I love giving Fentanyl because of the short half life. 15 - 30 minutes. I find that they are pretty awake when they get off the table, and can go home faster. IV Morphine lasts 2-3 hours, which is great for painful procedures, but I like to do this postop. Remember that Versed is only good for sedation, not pain management. Some patients may be sedated, and not be able to tell you if they hurt. So if it's a painful procedure, permcath insertions, etc. I always give narcotics. Something I recently learned also, is that patients on anti-seizure medications, are very difficult if not impossible to sedate. If you've had this experience before, and this patient comes back, you might want to consider anesthesia department. They can use diprovan, with fentanyl, and this works great!. Our department of anesthesia, will not allow us to use diprovan in our department.