Hi there and welcome. Usually, obtaining an NP license involves going to a master's degrees program resulting in an MSN (masters in the science of nursing). Depending on how fast or slow you do it, 2-4 years should be ample time to complete an MSN program. At the end of that degree, yes, you do take a board exam. Which exam you take, depends on what your program involves: acute care NP, pediatric NP, etc..
There are other routes to an NP too. For instance, say you obtain a pediatric NP during your MSN and then you realize that you might need to see adults too, so you do a post-MSN certificate for adult care NP.
Hope this helps. As to schools, check our your nursing schools in your area and see if they have programs or if you are going to school for your BSN now, ask your instructors what schools they recommend. It is also a good idea to check the job market in your area/state, especially if moving isn't an option.
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