From what you've described, it sounds like you've walked into a nightmare. You sound like you know your stuff. Yes, there are regulations that require timely assessments, plans of care, interdisciplinary approach, etc. Do you have access to a regulation book? You could look up the specific regulations related to care plans and conferences and present this info to your administrator along with your concerns. Is he/she even aware of what's happening out on the floor? (one would think that the adm. would know there is SOME kind of problem if the surveys are bad). I would have to question if the administration end of patient care is as messed up as you are describing, how is the actual patient care? staffing? environment?
Regarding CP in the pt. charts - we don't keep ours in each individual chart, they are kept in a separate binder for easy access and the CNAs get a flow sheet copy of the care plan for their documentation. We also have "care plan face sheets" behind each closet door for "point of contact information". We do everything on computer so we also have access to the CP via computer - could that be where yours are (if they are done of course

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You have your work cut out for you! Keep us updated on how things are going!
Oh, and by the way - WELCOME to AllNurses!